Moderate Phase

The Indian National Movement, a pivotal chapter in the annals of India’s history, represents a stirring saga of determination, resilience, and collective aspiration for independence from British colonial rule. Spanning several decades and marked by a diverse array of leaders, ideologies, and strategies, this movement became the crucible in which the Indian subcontinent’s destiny was reshaped. It was a monumental struggle that galvanized millions of Indians across the length and breadth of the nation, transcending barriers of language, religion, and caste, and ultimately led to the emergence of independent India in 1947. The Indian National Movement remains a testament to the power of unity, non-violent resistance, and the pursuit of justice, and it continues to inspire nations around the world in their quests for self-determination and freedom. This introduction sets the stage for a deeper exploration of the multifaceted and dynamic journey of the Indian National Movement.

The period between 1885 and 1905 is commonly referred to as the Moderate Phase, led by moderate leaders. During this time, influential figures like Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozshah Mehta, D.E. Wacha, W.C. Bonnerjea, and S.N. Banerjee held prominent positions in Congress and shaped its policies. These leaders were strong advocates of “liberalism” and pursued moderate political approaches. They were known as Moderates to differentiate them from the extremists who emerged in the early twentieth century. The emergence of Indian nationalism in the late 19th century was influenced by various factors such as the spread of Western education, socio-religious reforms, British policies, and other contributing elements.