CH9. THEORIES OF LEARNING

1. Which of the following is a core assumption of classical conditioning?

A. Behaviour is shaped by consequences.

B. Learning occurs through observation and modeling.

C. Learning happens through association between stimuli.

D. Behaviour is influenced by reinforcement.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Classical conditioning focuses on forming associations between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response.

2. According to operant conditioning, which of the following best describes positive reinforcement?

A. Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase behaviour.

B. Adding a pleasant stimulus to increase behaviour.

C. Adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease behaviour.

D. Removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease behaviour.

Answer: B

Explanation:

Positive reinforcement strengthens a behaviour by providing a desirable outcome or reward after the behaviour occurs.

3. Which of the following best describes the concept of latent learning?

A. Learning that becomes apparent when there is an incentive to demonstrate it.

B. Learning that requires repeated practice and reinforcement.

C. Learning that occurs through observation but without reinforcement.

D. Learning that involves a sudden insight or understanding.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Latent learning refers to knowledge gained without immediate demonstration, becoming evident only when motivation or circumstances require its application.

4. Which of the following is an assumption of social learning theory?

A. Learning occurs through direct experience.

B. Learning is a passive process.

C. Learning occurs by observing others and modeling their behaviour.

D. Learning requires reinforcement to occur.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Social learning theory emphasizes that people learn by watching others, imitating their actions, and understanding the consequences of those actions.