Book No.17 (Ancient History)

Book Name History of the Early Dynasties of Andhra Desa (Book Iv – The Visnukundins; 420-620 AD)

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1. Vinukonda the Ancient Vişnu-kundinapura

2. Appendix

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The Original Home and the Dynastic Name of Visnukundins

Chapter – 3

Picture of Harshit Sharma
Harshit Sharma

Alumnus (BHU)

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Table of Contents
  • All records of the Vişnukundi family refer to the dynastic name as Vişnukundi.

  • The phrase Vişnukundinam Maharaja preceding the personal name of every monarch in the copper-plate charters indicates that Vişnukundi is a dynastic or family name, not a tribal or clannish name.

  • The term Vişnukundi does not appear as a gātra name like śālankāyana, Bphatphalāyana, or Ananda.

  • In Pravarakanda, Vişnukundi does not occur as a gātra name.

  • Lakshmana Rao argued that Vişnukundi might be a gātra name, and the royal family adopted it as their dynastic appellation.

  • Rao further assumed that the Vişnukundins might be a separate clan or caste like the Agnikula-Ksatriyas or Vahnikula-Ksatriyas, claiming they originated from a sacrificial fire called Vişnu.

  • These are conjectures made without evidence; the Vişnukundins never claimed to have sprung from a sacrificial fire called Vişnukundi.

  • The epithet Kṣattriy-avaskanda-pravarttit-apratima-vikhyata-parakranasyal, given to Deva-varman in the Ipūru plates II, suggests that the Vişnukundins saw themselves as superior to Ksatriyas, and by implication, Brahmins.

  • It is improper to assume, as Lakshmana Rao does, that the Vişnukundins were a low caste or community, possibly the Vahni-kula Ksatriyas.

  • The term Vişnukundi seems to be a family name, similar to Pallava, Gupta, Vākāțaka, or Kadamba, unrelated to caste or origin.

  • Kielhorn suggested that Vişnukundi might be a Sanskritized form of Vinukonda, an ancient town in Guntūr district.

  • Vinukonda appears to be a variant of the Prakrit form Viņhukundi or Veņhukundi, which later became the Sanskrit term Vişnukundi.

  • It is a common practice among the Andhras to take their family name from the village or locality they originated from.

  • It is probable that the Vişnukundins took their family name from their original place of habitation or rulership, Vişnukuṇdinagara or Vişnukuṇdinapura.

  • There are instances where a village or district lent its name to the ruling dynasty, such as the Durjayas of Velanāņdu and the imperial Āravīdu Dynasty of Vijayanagara.

  • It seems likely that the Vişnukundins‘ family name originated from their association with Vişnukuṇdinagara over time.

  • The Sanskrit form Vişnukundi remained unchanged in copper plate charters and stone records, while the Prakrit form evolved into Vinukonda.

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