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SUB-TOPIC INFO – Geography of India (UNIT 10)
CONTENT TYPE – Detailed Notes
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1. Background
2. What is Green Revolution in India?
3. Objectives
4. Components of Green Revolution
4.1. High Yielding Variety (HYV) Seeds
4.2. Irrigation
4.3. Use of Chemical Fertilizers
4.4. Use of Insecticides and Pesticides
4.5. Command Area Development (CAD)
4.6. Consolidation of Land Holdings
4.7. Land Reforms
4.8. Supply of Agricultural Credit
4.9. Rural Electrification
4.10. Rural Roads and Marketing
4.11. Farm Mechanisation
4.12. Agricultural Universities
5. Impact of Green Revolution
5.1. Positive Impacts
5.2. Negative Impacts
6. Evergreen Revolution
7. Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India
8. Conclusion
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Green Revolution in India
UGC NET GEOGRAPHY
Geography of India (UNIT 10)
The Green Revolution was a period that started in the 1960s and saw the transformation of Indian agriculture into a contemporary industrial system through the application of technology, including the employment of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, mechanized farm equipment, irrigation systems, pesticides, and fertilizers. This phase was a part of the greater Green Revolution initiative started by Norman E. Borlaug, which used agricultural science and technology to boost agricultural output in the developing world, and was primarily directed by agricultural scientist M. S. Swaminathan in India.
Background
- The Bengal Famine, which killed approximately 4 million people in eastern India due to hunger, occurred in 1943 in India, making it the world’s worst recorded food crisis.
- Even after independence in 1947, the government focused primarily on expanding farming areas until 1967.
- However, the population was growing much faster than food production.
- This necessitated immediate and drastic action to boost yield. The Green Revolution was the catalyst for change.
- The green revolution in India refers to the period during which Indian agriculture was transformed into an industrial system through the use of modern methods and technology such as HYV seeds, tractors, irrigation facilities, pesticides, and fertilizers.
- The Green Revolution in India is primarily known as the Wheat Revolution because wheat production increased more than threefold between 1967-68 and 2003-04.
What is Green Revolution in India?
- The term “green revolution” describes the dramatic rise in food grain output, particularly for wheat and rice, that began in the middle of the 20th century and was largely attributed to the introduction of new, high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds into developing nations.
- The goal of the green revolution was to produce enough food grains on its own.
- Large-scale alterations were made to conventional farming methods starting in the 1960s.
- Dr. M. S. Swaminathan, the advisor to India’s minister of agriculture, extended an invitation to Norman Borlaug to visit.
- In India, M.S Swaminathan is regarded as the father of the Indian Green Revolution.
- The Green Revolution in India began in 1968, led by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, and resulted in an increase in food grain output, particularly in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.
- The development of new synthetic insecticides, herbicides, and chemical fertilizers occurred during this time. It solved India’s issue of food insecurity.
- A number of institutional support programmes were put into place, including minimum support prices for food grains and procurement as well as public grain distribution (mostly rice and wheat).
- India began to export grains for food as a result. India is presently the second-largest producer of both rice and wheat in the world, as well as the biggest exporter of rice.
Objectives
- Short Term: During the second Five Year Plan, the revolution was started to address India’s famine crisis.
- Long Term: A broad modernization of agriculture was one of the long-term goals, based on infrastructure, raw materials, industrial development, and rural development.
- Employment: To give both agricultural and industrial people employment.
- Scientific Studies: Growing plants that are more resilient to disease and harsh weather.
- Globalization of the Agricultural World: By establishing several firms in important agricultural regions and transferring technologies to less-industrialized countries.