Arab Contracts – UGC NET History – Practice Questions

Arab Invasion in India

1. The rise and spread of Islam is considered one of the most important events in world history because:
A. It transformed political and religious structures across regions
B. It abolished monarchy everywhere
C. It ended trade networks in Asia
D. It introduced democracy in Arabia

2. Islam originated in the:
A. Fertile plains of Mesopotamia
B. Desert region of Arabia
C. Valleys of Persia
D. Mediterranean coast

3. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii)

4. The successors of Prophet Muhammad were called:
A. Sultans
B. Emirs
C. Caliphs
D. Viziers

5. Assertion (A): Arabs had no contact with India before the conquest of Sindh.
Reason (R): Arabs were long involved in Indian trade with Europe.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

6. Before embracing Islam, Arabs had links with India mainly through:
A. Pilgrimage
B. Trade relations
C. Diplomatic treaties
D. Colonization

7. Which Indian region first attracted Arab attention due to its rich ports?
A. Eastern coast
B. Northern frontier
C. Central India
D. Western coast of India

8. Politically, India during Arab invasions was:
A. Under one empire
B. Divided into multiple competing kingdoms
C. Controlled by tribal republics only
D. Dominated by Arab allies

9. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
B- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

10. According to the passage, India’s chief weakness was:
A. Lack of resources
B. Religious conflict
C. Persistent rivalry among rulers
D. Foreign domination

11. Afghanistan during this period was ruled by:
A. Turks
B. Persians
C. Arabs
D. Hindu kings

12. Assertion (A): Afghanistan had political and cultural links with India since the Mauryan period.
Reason (R): It later divided into Kabul and Jabul kingdoms.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation.
C. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

13. Which kingdom extended up to Kashmir in the northeast?
A. Sindh
B. Jabul
C. Kabul
D. Bengal

14. Lalitaditya ruled:
A. Kannauj
B. Bengal
C. Sindh
D. Kashmir

15. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

16. Yasovarman was associated with:
A. Cholas
B. Kannauj
C. Kashmir
D. Pallavas

17. Which dynasty ruled Bengal at the time?
A. Rashtrakutas
B. Gurjara-Pratiharas
C. Palas
D. Cholas

18. Assertion (A): Sindh was among the weakest kingdoms of India.
Reason (R): It suffered from internal rebellions and unstable rule.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation.
C. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

19. King Dahir gained the throne of Sindh after:
A. Arab support
B. Election by nobles
C. Contest against his cousin
D. Marriage alliance

20. Dahir’s rule was unpopular among:
A. Brahmins only
B. Merchants only
C. Shudras and Jats
D. Buddhists only

21. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
B- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

22. Which social feature existed in India at that time?
A. No caste divisions
B. Caste and sub-caste divisions
C. Equal marriage rights
D. Purdah system everywhere

23. Which statement about caste is correct?
A. It was completely rigid
B. No foreigners were absorbed
C. Inter-caste marriages and change of caste were possible
D. Dining restrictions did not exist

24. Assertion (A): Women enjoyed equal rights with men in early medieval India.
Reason (R): Women participated in education and administration but lacked equal marital rights.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

25. Which system was gaining popularity among ruling classes?
A. Purdah
B. Child marriage
C. Polyandry
D. Sati

26. Which among the following was NOT prevalent at that time?
A. Education for women
B. Participation of women in religious functions
C. Purdah system
D. Choice of husbands by women

27. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

28. Hinduism was the most popular religion, while ______ was also widespread.
A. Jainism
B. Zoroastrianism
C. Christianity
D. Buddhism

29. India’s economy at the time of Arab invasions was:
A. Weak and declining
B. Based only on agriculture
C. Economically prosperous
D. Controlled by Arabs

30. Assertion (A): India suffered severe political and cultural weakness during Arab invasions.
Reason (R): Rivalries and lack of emotional unity were emerging weaknesses.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

31. The first Arab attack near Bombay occurred at:
A. Debal
B. Broach
C. Cambay
D. Thana

32. The first Arab attack on Thana took place in:
A. 612 CE
B. 622 CE
C. 636 CE
D. 712 CE

33. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

34. Arabs succeeded in capturing Mekran in:
A. 6th century CE
B. 7th century BCE
C. Beginning of the 8th century CE
D. 10th century CE

35. One major cause of Arab invasions was:
A. Industrialization
B. Religious zeal for propagation of Islam
C. European alliance
D. Buddhist support

36. Assertion (A): Caliphs were only religious heads.
Reason (R): They also headed the Islamic state and pursued expansion.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

37. Which immediate cause triggered Arab invasion of Sindh?
A. Trade rivalry
B. Temple destruction
C. Religious conflict
D. Looting of Arab ships by Sindhi pirates

38. Sir Wolseley Haig connected the piracy incident with:
A. Persian merchants
B. Chinese travelers
C. Women sent by the king of Ceylon
D. Buddhist monks

39. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
B- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

40. Dahir refused Hajjaj’s demand because:
A. He supported pirates
B. He lacked resources
C. He claimed no control over sea pirates
D. He wanted war

41. Assertion (A): Walid I enthusiastically approved the invasion immediately.
Reason (R): Permission was granted somewhat reluctantly.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

42. The first Arab commander sent against Sindh was:
A. Budail
B. Muhammad-bin-Qasim
C. Hajjaj
D. Ubaidullah

43. After Ubaidullah, another unsuccessful Arab commander was:
A. Walid
B. Dahir
C. Budail
D. Jaisingha

44. Muhammad-bin-Qasim was related to Hajjaj as:
A. Brother
B. Cousin
C. Father-in-law
D. Nephew and son-in-law

45. Muhammad-bin-Qasim marched to Sindh through:
A. Kabul
B. Punjab
C. Kashmir
D. Mekran

46. Muhammad-bin-Qasim first conquered which major port in Sindh?
A. Sehwan
B. Nerun
C. Multan
D. Debal

47. After conquering Debal, Muhammad-bin-Qasim received reinforcements through:
A. Kabul route
B. Persian alliance
C. Sea route sent by Hajjaj
D. Bengal merchants

48. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

49. Dahir offered no resistance to the Arabs while they conquered:
A. Punjab and Kashmir
B. Bengal and Bihar
C. Debal, Nerun, and lower Sindh
D. Gujarat and Malwa

50. Dahir finally decided to confront Muhammad-bin-Qasim near:
A. Multan
B. Debal
C. Sehwan
D. Rawar

51. Assertion (A): Dahir chose a strategy of multiple attacks from different directions.
Reason (R): He left the fate of Sindh to one pitched battle.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

52. The decisive battle between Dahir and Muhammad-bin-Qasim took place on:
A. 10 May 711 CE
B. 20 June 712 CE
C. 15 August 713 CE
D. 1 January 714 CE

53. Which event created panic in Dahir’s army during the battle of Rawar?
A. Arab reinforcements arrived
B. Betrayal by generals
C. Heavy rainfall
D. Dahir’s wounded elephant rushed away

54. Dahir died:
A. While escaping the battlefield
B. In captivity
C. Fighting courageously in battle
D. Through poisoning

55. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

56. After Dahir’s death, the fort of Rawar was defended by:
A. Surajdevi
B. Parmaldevi
C. Ladi
D. Ranibai

57. Ranibai performed:
A. Sati
B. Rajasuya
C. Jauhar
D. Purdah

58. Assertion (A): Jaisingha successfully defeated Muhammad-bin-Qasim at Brahmanabad.
Reason (R): He later abandoned the fort to the Arabs.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

59. Jaisingha was the:
A. Cousin of Dahir
B. Brother of Dahir
C. Arab governor
D. Son of Dahir

60. Muhammad-bin-Qasim captured Dahir’s treasury at:
A. Debal
B. Rawar
C. Brahmanabad
D. Sehwan

61. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
B- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

62. Muhammad-bin-Qasim married:
A. Ranibai
B. Parmaldevi
C. Surajdevi
D. Ladi

63. According to the passage, Parmaldevi and Surajdevi were sent to:
A. Damascus army camp
B. Persia
C. Caliph’s harem in Baghdad
D. Kabul

64. Qasim took approximately how long to establish control over Sindh?
A. 2 months
B. 5 months
C. 8 months
D. 15 months

65. Assertion (A): Local people in Sindh offered little resistance to Muhammad-bin-Qasim.
Reason (R): Several towns resisted strongly, including Brahmanabad and Alor.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

66. Muhammad-bin-Qasim proceeded to Multan in:
A. 711 CE
B. 712 CE
C. 713 CE
D. 715 CE

67. The fort of Multan resisted for approximately:
A. Two weeks
B. One month
C. Four months
D. Two months

68. Multan surrendered because:
A. Its ruler surrendered voluntarily
B. Arab cavalry destroyed it
C. A traitor revealed the water source
D. Disease spread rapidly

69. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

70. Multan was called the “City of Gold” because:
A. It had gold mines
B. Qasim acquired vast gold there
C. Gold coins were minted there
D. It traded only in gold

71. Assertion (A): Multan was the final city conquered by Muhammad-bin-Qasim.
Reason (R): Qasim moved further east and conquered Kannauj afterward.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

72. According to Chachnama, who accused Muhammad-bin-Qasim before the Caliph?
A. Ranibai and Ladi
B. Parmaldevi and Surajdevi
C. Jaisingha and Dahir
D. Arab governors

73. According to Chachnama, Muhammad-bin-Qasim died after being:
A. Executed in battle
B. Poisoned by enemies
C. Sewn into the skin of an ox
D. Imprisoned indefinitely

74. Which source supports the story narrated in Chachnama regarding Qasim’s death?
A. Tarikh-i-Firishta
B. Tuzuk-i-Baburi
C. Akbarnama
D. Mir Masum

75. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

76. Modern historians reject the romantic story of Qasim’s death mainly because they believe it was:
A. Religious propaganda
B. Politically motivated
C. A Persian myth
D. Written too late

77. Walid I was succeeded by:
A. Harun-al-Rashid
B. Hajjaj
C. Sulaiman
D. Al-Mansur

78. Assertion (A): Sulaiman and Hajjaj were political allies.
Reason (R): Sulaiman later targeted supporters of Hajjaj.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

79. According to modern historians, Muhammad-bin-Qasim was recalled and killed because:
A. He rebelled in Sindh
B. He converted to Hinduism
C. Dahir’s family defeated him
D. Political hostility toward Hajjaj’s supporters

80. Which factor is considered most responsible for Arab success in Sindh?
A. Wealth of Sindh
B. Internal weaknesses of Sindh
C. Weak Arab army
D. Persian support

81. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

82. Which groups were alienated due to Brahman rule in Sindh?
A. Rajputs and Brahmins
B. Traders and monks
C. Jats and Meds
D. Cholas and Pallavas

83. Dahir’s provincial governors were often:
A. Completely loyal
B. Arab sympathizers
C. Semi-independent
D. Buddhist monks

84. Assertion (A): Other Indian rulers actively united to save Sindh from Arabs.
Reason (R): Sindh’s frontier location caused relative indifference from other rulers.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

85. Arabs possessed superiority mainly in:
A. Religious literature only
B. Temple organization
C. Arms, cavalry, and military tactics
D. Agricultural methods

86. Which factor weakened Hindu resistance according to the passage?
A. Lack of kingdoms
B. Economic collapse
C. Absence of emotional unity
D. No military experience

87. Dahir failed to take advantage of Arab difficulties during:
A. Capture of Debal
B. Siege of Multan
C. Sickness in Arab camp before Rawar
D. Reinforcements from Baghdad

88. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

89. Treachery from the Indian side aided Arab conquest because:
A. No one fought Arabs
B. Certain Indians assisted Arabs tactically and strategically
C. Sindh lacked forts
D. Arabs bribed everyone

90. Which statement best explains Arab success in Sindh?
A. Arab success was due to one factor only
B. Internal weakness, superior tactics, zeal, and betrayal combined together
C. Dahir surrendered without resistance
D. India had no kingdoms at all

91. The Arab conquest in India remained largely confined to:
A. Punjab and Delhi
B. Gujarat and Rajasthan
C. Sindh and Multan
D. Bengal and Bihar

92. Arab political control in Sindh ended when it was absorbed by:
A. Muhammad Ghori
B. Alauddin Khalji
C. Timur
D. Mahmud of Ghazni

93. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

94. According to Elphinstone, which factor prevented deeper Arab penetration into India?
A. Mughal support
B. Success of Sumer-Rajputs against Arabs
C. Weak Rajput kingdoms
D. Buddhist alliance

95. Assertion (A): Hindus lacked faith in their religion and culture during Arab invasions.
Reason (R): Elphinstone considered Hindu attachment to religion and culture a resistance factor.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

96. Lane-Poole added that Arab expansion failed partly because of:
A. Lack of religion
B. Strong Rajput states in East and North
C. Weak Indian resistance
D. Hindu support for Arabs

97. Which of the following was NOT mentioned by Lane-Poole as a reason for Arab failure?
A. Insufficient military help from Caliphs
B. Failure to consolidate Sindh
C. Sindh being economically unprofitable
D. Conversion of Rajputs to Islam

98. Assertion (A): Caliphs always sent strong reinforcements for Arab expansion in India.
Reason (R): Lack of sufficient military aid restricted Arab advance.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

99. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

100. The Umayyad Caliphate was replaced by the Abbasids in:
A. 636 CE
B. 711 CE
C. 750 CE
D. 871 CE

101. Replacement of Umayyads by Abbasids weakened Arab power because:
A. Arabs left India completely
B. Conflicts among Arab officers increased
C. Sindh became richer
D. Rajputs joined Arabs

102. H.G. Wells in The Caliph’s Lost Heritage argued that:
A. Islam remained unchanged
B. Arabs became militarily stronger
C. Religious zeal was replaced by luxury and rigid philosophy
D. Turks destroyed Islam

103. Assertion (A): Harun-al-Rashid’s period saw Arabs become ease-loving and weaker.
Reason (R): Simplicity and zeal of early Islam declined over time.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation.
C. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

104. Arab rulers in Sindh became independent around:
A. 712 CE
B. 750 CE
C. 871 CE
D. 1025 CE

105. After independence, Arab Sindh divided into:
A. Punjab and Kabul
B. Debal and Rawar
C. Multan and Mansura
D. Delhi and Lahore

106. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

107. Rising nationalism among which groups weakened Arab expansion?
A. Chinese and Mongols
B. Greeks and Romans
C. Persians and Turks
D. Afghans and Rajputs

108. Sindh was unsuitable as a permanent base for conquering India because:
A. It lacked ports
B. It was geographically central
C. It was economically weak and on the extreme western frontier
D. Arabs disliked its climate

109. Assertion (A): Powerful kingdoms in India’s interior opposed Arab expansion.
Reason (R): Rajput and other Indian states resisted further Arab advance.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation.
C. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

110. Which kingdoms are specifically mentioned as powerful enough to expel Arabs from Sindh?
A. Pala and Chola
B. Rashtrakuta and Pallava
C. Hindushahi and Pratihara
D. Chalukya and Pandya

111. Why did Hindu rulers fail to expel Arabs despite having strength?
A. They lacked armies
B. They supported Arabs
C. They neglected frontier developments and remained indifferent
D. They converted to Islam

112. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

113. Colonel Tod believed that Arab invasion:
A. Had no effect at all
B. Terrorized North India greatly
C. Destroyed Cholas
D. Ended Rajput power

114. Modern historians generally consider Colonel Tod’s view:
A. Completely accepted
B. Exaggerated and unsupported
C. Supported by archaeology
D. Central to medieval historiography

115. Stanley Lane-Poole described Arab conquest in India as:
A. India’s greatest turning point
B. “Simply an episode in the history of India”
C. A civilizational collapse
D. Foundation of Mughal India

116. Assertion (A): Arabs broke India’s military strength permanently.
Reason (R): Arabs failed to pave the way for full Islamic conquest of India.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

117. One lasting political significance of Arab conquest was:
A. Destruction of Hindu kingdoms
B. Establishment of Islamic rule in India for the first time
C. Creation of Delhi Sultanate
D. End of Buddhism

118. Arabs converted Hindus to Islam:
A. Not at all
B. Only in Delhi
C. In fairly large numbers in Sindh
D. Only after Ghazni

119. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

120. Arab conquest of Sindh was especially significant in terms of:
A. Military destruction
B. Political unification
C. Cultural exchange
D. Temple taxation

121. Arabs admired Indians particularly for:
A. Naval warfare
B. Colonial institutions
C. Wisdom, morality, and administration
D. Democratic governance

122. Which subjects did Arabs significantly learn from Indians?
A. Astronomy and mathematics
B. Medicine and literature
C. Philosophy and astrology
D. All of the above

123. Assertion (A): Arabs employed Hindu artists and architects.
Reason (R): Arabs were influenced by Indian art and architecture.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation.
C. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

124. During whose reign were Brahma Siddhanta and Khanda-Khadhyak translated into Arabic?
A. Harun-al-Rashid
B. Walid I
C. Sulaiman
D. Al-Mansur

125. Arabs learned which philosophical concepts from India?
A. Democracy and nationalism
B. Sanyas and Tapa
C. Monotheism only
D. Secularism

126. Indian numerals later benefited:
A. Arabs only
B. China only
C. Persia only
D. Both Arabs and Europe through Arab mediation

127. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

128. According to A.L. Srivastava, Europeans benefited from Indian knowledge through:
A. Mongols
B. Greeks
C. Arabs
D. Persians

129. Religious fanaticism of Arabs softened because of:
A. Persian wars
B. Abbasid reforms
C. Indian liberal religious outlook and social conduct
D. Turkish invasions

130. Which statement best summarizes the Arab impact on India?
A. Arabs transformed Indian politics permanently
B. Arabs destroyed Indian civilization
C. Arabs influenced India politically very little but gained much culturally from India
D. Arabs unified India under Islam

131. Assertion (A): Indian civilization had lost all vigor by the 8th century CE.
Reason (R): India continued contributing significantly to world knowledge.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

132. Which among the following was NOT a major Arab learning from India?
A. Medicine
B. Astronomy
C. Mathematics
D. Feudalism

133. Arabs came to India primarily as:
A. Missionaries only
B. Traders only
C. Diplomats only
D. Conquerors and traders

134. According to Wolseley Haig, Arab conquest affected:
A. Entire India deeply
B. Only a small fringe of the subcontinent
C. No region at all
D. Southern India mostly

135. Which statement best explains why Arab conquest is termed an “episode” in Indian history?
A. Arabs ruled whole India
B. Its political impact remained geographically limited
C. It ended Hindu kingdoms
D. Arabs destroyed Indian economy

136. Which Arab governor of Iraq played the key role in planning the conquest of Sindh?
A. Al-Mansur
B. Sulaiman
C. Hajjaj-bin-Yusuf
D. Harun-al-Rashid

137. Assertion (A): Debal was an insignificant settlement in Sindh.
Reason (R): It functioned as a premier seaport of Sindh.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

138. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

139. Which historian accepted the Chachnama version of Muhammad-bin-Qasim’s death?
A. Stanley Lane-Poole
B. Wolseley Haig
C. A.L. Srivastava
D. Mir Masum

140. Which immediate political change contributed to Qasim’s downfall according to modern historians?
A. Rise of Abbasids
B. Defeat at Multan
C. Succession of Sulaiman after Walid I
D. Rajput rebellion

141. Assertion (A): Buddhists and trading classes in Sindh were completely loyal to Dahir.
Reason (R): Many among them did not cooperate with Dahir’s administration.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

142. The military superiority of Arabs mainly rested on:
A. Naval technology only
B. Cavalry, tactics, and superior arms
C. Use of elephants
D. River warfare

143. Which Indian frontier region first absorbed Arab military pressure before Sindh?
A. Punjab
B. Kabul
C. Kashmir
D. Mekran

144. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

145. Which among the following was NOT a reason for Arab success in Sindh?
A. Internal divisions in Sindh
B. Superior Arab military tactics
C. Religious zeal of Arabs
D. Military support from powerful Indian kingdoms

146. According to the passage, Dahir’s gravest strategic mistake was:
A. Abandoning Sindh immediately
B. Seeking foreign alliances
C. Depending on a single decisive battle
D. Refusing to defend forts

147. Assertion (A): Arabs easily conquered Sindh without resistance.
Reason (R): Qasim faced resistance from many towns including Brahmanabad and Alor.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

148. The kingdom of Kabul touched the borders of Persia in the:
A. North
B. East
C. South
D. West

149. Which ruler of Kashmir defeated Yasovarman?
A. Dahir
B. Mihir Bhoja
C. Lalitaditya
D. Dharmapala

150. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

151. Which educational center was located in South India?
A. Nalanda
B. Vallabhi
C. Kashi
D. Kanchi

152. Which of the following best describes women’s position in India at the time of Arab invasions?
A. Complete equality with men
B. No role in administration
C. Respectable status but unequal marital rights
D. Universal practice of purdah

153. Assertion (A): Inter-caste marriages were entirely prohibited and impossible.
Reason (R): Caste rigidity had not fully developed at the time.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

154. Which among the following was a center of learning in western India?
A. Nalanda
B. Vallabhi
C. Taxila
D. Ujjain

155. The Arabs’ long-standing trade relationship with India was especially connected to:
A. Eastern Himalayan region
B. Gangetic plain
C. South-West coast of India
D. Kashmir Valley

156. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

157. Which historian remarked that Arab conquest affected only a small fringe of India?
A. Colonel Tod
B. Elphinstone
C. Wolseley Haig
D. James Mill

158. Which among the following most accurately reflects Stanley Lane-Poole’s interpretation?
A. Arab invasion transformed India permanently
B. Arab conquest was merely an episode in Indian history
C. Arabs destroyed Rajput power
D. Sindh became India’s strongest kingdom

159. Assertion (A): Arab conquest directly paved the way for Muslim conquest of India.
Reason (R): Arabs destroyed India’s military strength permanently.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

160. Which Indian text was translated into Arabic under Caliph Al-Mansur?
A. Arthashastra
B. Rajatarangini
C. Brahma Siddhanta
D. Harshacharita

161. Arabs gained knowledge from India particularly in:
A. Astronomy and mathematics
B. Medicine and philosophy
C. Literature and fine arts
D. All of the above

162. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

163. According to the passage, Arabs learned the philosophy of ______ from Indians.
A. Karma and Moksha only
B. Vedanta and Mimamsa only
C. Sanyas and Tapa
D. Materialism and atheism

164. The Arab conquest diluted religious fanaticism because of:
A. Turkish invasions
B. Persian pressure
C. Abbasid reforms
D. Indian social conduct and liberal outlook

165. Assertion (A): Europeans indirectly benefited from Indian knowledge through Arab mediation.
Reason (R): Arabs transmitted Indian advances in science and mathematics westward.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation.
C. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

166. Who argued that Europeans benefited from Indian knowledge through Arab contact?
A. Stanley Lane-Poole
B. Wolseley Haig
C. A.L. Srivastava
D. Elphinstone

167. The term “City of Gold” refers to:
A. Debal
B. Rawar
C. Brahmanabad
D. Multan

168. Which factor most weakened India over the coming centuries according to the passage?
A. Absence of kingdoms
B. Lack of emotional unity and military adaptation
C. Religious decline only
D. Agricultural stagnation

169. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer.

A- (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
B- (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
C- (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D- (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

170. H.G. Wells believed later Caliphs became:
A. Stronger military rulers
B. Religious reformers
C. Puppets of more powerful groups
D. Indian allies

171. Which groups later became dominant power sources for Caliphs?
A. Chinese and Mongols
B. Greeks and Romans
C. Afghans and Indians
D. Persians and Turks

172. Assertion (A): Sindh was economically profitable enough to encourage endless Arab expansion.
Reason (R): Lane-Poole considered Sindh insufficiently profitable for major expansion.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true.
B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
C. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

173. The Arab kingdom in Sindh survived for nearly:
A. 50 years
B. 100 years
C. 200 years
D. 300 years

174. Which frontier kingdoms could potentially have expelled Arabs from Sindh?
A. Cholas and Pandyas
B. Palas and Senas
C. Hindushahi and Pratiharas
D. Pallavas and Chalukyas

175. Which statement best summarizes the historical significance of Arab invasion in India?
A. It permanently transformed Indian politics and destroyed kingdoms
B. It directly led to Delhi Sultanate rule
C. Its political impact remained limited, but cultural exchanges deeply benefited the Arab and wider world
D. It unified India under one religion