Foundation of the Mughal Empire – UGC NET – Practice Questions

Babur

1. Babur was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India after defeating Ibrahim Lodi in which battle?
A. Battle of Khanwa
B. Battle of Chanderi
C. First Battle of Panipat
D. Battle of Ghaghra

2. The Mughal Empire in India was established in:
A. 1498 CE
B. 1526 CE
C. 1530 CE
D. 1556 CE

3. Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat in:
A. 1525 CE
B. 1526 CE
C. 1527 CE
D. 1529 CE

4. Babur was a descendant of:
A. Mahmud of Ghazni and Timur
B. Chengiz Khan and Mahmud Ghazni
C. Genghis Khan and Timur
D. Timur and Alauddin Khalji

5. Babur was born in:
A. Kabul
B. Samarqand
C. Ferghana
D. Andijan

6. Babur was born in the year:
A. 1480 CE
B. 1481 CE
C. 1483 CE
D. 1485 CE

7. Babur ascended the throne of Ferghana at the age of:
A. 9 years
B. 10 years
C. 11 years
D. 13 years

8. Babur conquered Kabul in:
A. 1498 CE
B. 1504 CE
C. 1510 CE
D. 1514 CE

9. Which Uzbek chief overran Timurid kingdoms forcing Babur to move toward Kabul?
A. Timur Beg
B. Shaibani Khan
C. Mahmud Khan
D. Yunus Khan

10. Shah Ismail defeated Shaibani Khan in:
A. 1504 CE
B. 1508 CE
C. 1510 CE
D. 1515 CE

11. Which ruler of Iran helped Babur regain Samarqand temporarily?
A. Abbas I
B. Nadir Shah
C. Shah Tahmasp
D. Shah Ismail

12. Shah Ismail was defeated by the Ottoman Sultan in:
A. 1510 CE
B. 1512 CE
C. 1513 CE
D. 1514 CE

13. Which factor primarily pushed Babur toward India?
A. Religious conversion
B. Uzbek pressure and limited Kabul resources
C. Invitation from Portuguese
D. Desire to control sea trade

14. Babur claimed Punjab due to the legacy of:
A. Alauddin Khalji
B. Genghis Khan
C. Timur
D. Sher Shah

15. Sikandar Lodi died in:
A. 1515 CE
B. 1516 CE
C. 1517 CE
D. 1518 CE

16. Ibrahim Lodi succeeded:
A. Bahlul Lodi
B. Sikandar Lodi
C. Daulat Khan Lodi
D. Mahmud Lodi

17. Which governor of Punjab invited Babur to invade India?
A. Hasan Khan Mewati
B. Nusrat Shah
C. Rana Sanga
D. Daulat Khan Lodi

18. Rana Sanga belonged to the kingdom of:
A. Marwar
B. Amber
C. Mewar
D. Bundi

19. Babur became master of Punjab finally in:
A. 1523 CE
B. 1524 CE
C. 1525 CE
D. 1526 CE

20. Which military technology gave Babur a decisive advantage at Panipat?
A. War elephants
B. Gunpowder artillery
C. Naval fleet
D. Camel corps

21. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
B. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
C. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
D. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

22. Which Ottoman device was used by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat?
A. Siege towers
B. Cavalry wedge
C. Rumi defensive-offensive formation
D. Naval blockade

23. Ustad Ali and Mustafa in Babur’s army were:
A. Diplomats
B. Nobles
C. Revenue officials
D. Master gunners

24. The First Battle of Panipat is considered decisive because it:
A. Ended Rajput resistance forever
B. Opened a new phase in the struggle for North India
C. Established Portuguese rule
D. Destroyed Bengal Sultanate

25. Rana Sanga considered Babur a threat because:
A. Babur supported Gujarat
B. Babur destroyed Malwa
C. Babur planned empire-building in Indo-Gangetic Valley
D. Babur annexed Bengal

26. Babur declared war against Rana Sanga as:
A. Crusade
B. Holy conquest
C. Jihad
D. Dharma Yuddha

27. Before the Battle of Khanwa, Babur demonstrated piety by:
A. Building mosques
B. Patronising Sufis
C. Breaking wine flasks and banning wine trade
D. Donating gold to ulema

28. Battle of Khanwa was fought in:
A. 1525 CE
B. 1526 CE
C. 1527 CE
D. 1528 CE

29. Which Rajput ally of Rana Sanga ruled Chanderi?
A. Hasan Khan Mewati
B. Medini Rai
C. Maldeo Rathore
D. Silhadi

30. The Rajput women committed which ritual after defeat at Chanderi?
A. Sati
B. Purdah
C. Jauhar
D. Kanyadaan

31. Assertion (A): Babur called himself ‘Padshah’.
Reason (R): Babur wanted to sever dependence on the Caliph’s authority.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

32. Battle of Ghaghra was fought in:
A. 1526 CE
B. 1527 CE
C. 1528 CE
D. 1529 CE

33. Battle of Ghaghra was fought between Babur and:
A. Rajputs of Rajasthan
B. Portuguese and Afghans
C. Eastern Afghan Confederates and Bengal Sultanate
D. Gujarat Sultanate

34. Nusrat Shah was the ruler of:
A. Delhi
B. Malwa
C. Gujarat
D. Bengal

35. Mahmud Lodi was:
A. Son of Ibrahim Lodi
B. Brother of Ibrahim Lodi
C. Governor of Punjab
D. Afghan noble of Kabul

36. Which river was crossed by Babur before the Battle of Ghaghra?
A. Yamuna
B. Ganga
C. Godavari
D. Narmada

37. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
B. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
C. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
D. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

38. The meagre resources of Kabul encouraged Babur to:
A. Ally with Ottomans
B. Move to China
C. Look towards India
D. Conquer Persia

39. Babur’s autobiography is known as:
A. Akbarnama
B. Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri
C. Tuzuki-Baburi (Baburnama)
D. Ain-i-Akbari

40. Babur was deeply influenced by:
A. Chinese culture
B. Persian culture
C. Greek culture
D. Arab tribal culture

41. Assertion (A): Babur abolished custom taxes on Muslims before Khanwa.
Reason (R): Babur intended to strengthen morale and unity in his army.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

42. Babur introduced which battlefield strategy in India?
A. Mansabdari
B. Iqta system
C. Tulugma strategy
D. Dahsala system

43. Which city’s prestige attracted Babur repeatedly before India?
A. Kabul
B. Herat
C. Samarqand
D. Bukhara

44. Hasan Khan Mewati was ruler of:
A. Marwar
B. Amber
C. Bundelkhand
D. Mewat

45. Which fort chain did Babur conquer after Khanwa?
A. Chittor and Ranthambore
B. Gwalior and Dholpur
C. Agra and Delhi
D. Lahore and Multan

46. The Mughal Empire lasted approximately from:
A. 1206–1526
B. 1398–1707
C. 1526–1857
D. 1556–1761

47. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
B. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
C. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
D. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

48. Babur’s father was:
A. Yunus Khan
B. Umar Sheikh Mirza
C. Shaibani Khan
D. Shah Ismail

49. Babur’s mother was:
A. Gulbadan Begum
B. Hamida Banu Begum
C. Qutlaq Nigar Khanum
D. Maham Begum

50. Which statement best describes Babur’s religious attitude?
A. Orthodox fanatic ruler
B. Militant expansionist only
C. Politically pragmatic and not deeply bigoted
D. Anti-Sufi ruler

51. Assertion (A): Babur stayed permanently in India despite opposition from his nobles.
Reason (R): Babur believed India’s resources were necessary to sustain a strong empire.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

52. Which among the following became an integral part of the Mughal Empire, helping prevent north-west invasions?
A. Gujarat and Malwa
B. Bengal and Bihar
C. Kabul and Kandhar
D. Sindh and Multan

53. Babur’s conquest of India was facilitated by which political condition?
A. Strong Rajput unity
B. Powerful centralized empire under Ibrahim Lodi
C. Political fragmentation in North India
D. Portuguese intervention in Delhi politics

54. Which among the following was NOT a reason for Babur’s invasion of India?
A. Lure of wealth
B. Uzbek threat
C. Invitation from Indian nobles
D. Spread of Shiism in India

55. Babur’s victory at Panipat relieved his financial difficulties due to:
A. Tribute from Bengal
B. Treasures stored by Ibrahim Lodi at Agra
C. Trade revenues from Gujarat
D. Ottoman subsidies

56. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
B. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
C. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
D. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

57. Which Rajput ruler aimed to establish dominance up to Agra?
A. Maldeo Rathore
B. Prithviraj Chauhan
C. Rana Sanga
D. Udai Singh

58. Babur accused Rana Sanga of:
A. Supporting Ibrahim Lodi militarily
B. Breach of agreement
C. Alliance with Portuguese
D. Tax evasion

59. Which among the following strengthened Babur’s military at Panipat?
A. Greek cavalry
B. Naval power
C. Ottoman gunners and artillery
D. Elephant corps

60. Which Mughal ruler succeeded Babur?
A. Akbar
B. Humayun
C. Jahangir
D. Shah Jahan

61. Assertion (A): Babur’s nobles initially preferred returning to Kabul.
Reason (R): They disliked India’s hot climate and unfamiliar conditions.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

62. Babur declared himself independent of:
A. Ottoman Sultan
B. Persian Shah
C. Caliph (Khalifa)
D. Uzbek ruler

63. Which of the following battles consolidated Mughal authority over Delhi-Agra region?
A. Chanderi
B. Panipat
C. Ghaghra
D. Talikota

64. Babur referred to himself as:
A. Sultan-ul-Hind
B. Shahenshah-e-Hindustan
C. Padshah
D. Amir-ul-Momineen

65. Which battle established Babur’s superiority over Rajput confederacy?
A. Panipat
B. Khanwa
C. Ghaghra
D. Tarain

66. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
B. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
C. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
D. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

67. The Battle of Khanwa was fought near:
A. Delhi
B. Agra
C. Chittor
D. Lahore

68. Which Rajput ally was targeted to isolate Rana Sanga?
A. Hasan Khan Mewati
B. Silhadi
C. Medini Rai
D. Maldeo Rathore

69. Babur’s military strength mainly lay in the combination of:
A. Navy and cavalry
B. Elephants and infantry
C. Artillery and cavalry
D. Archers and elephants

70. Babur’s autobiography is considered one of the classics of:
A. Sanskrit literature
B. Arabic poetry
C. Persian drama
D. Turkish literature

71. Assertion (A): Babur banned the trade in wine before Khanwa.
Reason (R): Babur wished to project himself as a staunch Muslim leader to motivate troops.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

72. Babur’s title “Lion” refers to:
A. Akbar
B. Timur
C. Babur
D. Humayun

73. The Rajput confederacy against Babur included:
A. Portuguese and Afghans
B. Rajputs and Afghan chiefs
C. Marathas and Sikhs
D. Bengal and Gujarat

74. Babur inherited Ferghana after the death of:
A. Yunus Khan
B. Umar Sheikh Mirza
C. Shah Ismail
D. Ibrahim Lodi

75. Which area was contested between Uzbeks and Safavids?
A. Punjab
B. Gujarat
C. Khorasan region
D. Bengal Delta

76. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
B. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
C. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
D. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3

77. Which battle ended the last major Lodi challenge to Babur?
A. Panipat
B. Khanwa
C. Chanderi
D. Ghaghra

78. Which Afghan chief received support from Bengal against Babur?
A. Daulat Khan Lodi
B. Sikandar Lodi
C. Mahmud Lodi
D. Hasan Khan Mewati

79. Babur’s statecraft emphasized:
A. Religious orthodoxy
B. Clerical dominance
C. Prestige and strength of the crown
D. Tribal decentralisation

80. Which among the following best reflects Babur’s cultural contribution?
A. Introduction of temple architecture
B. Development of Dravidian art
C. Garden culture with running water
D. Spread of Buddhist monasteries

81. Assertion (A): Babur’s artillery popularized gunpowder warfare in India.
Reason (R): Artillery was cheap and accessible to all regional rulers.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

82. Babur died in:
A. 1526 CE
B. 1528 CE
C. 1530 CE
D. 1535 CE

83. Babur died at the age of:
A. 44 years
B. 45 years
C. 46 years
D. 47 years

84. Which son inherited Babur’s empire?
A. Kamran
B. Askari
C. Humayun
D. Hindal

85. According to tradition, Babur prayed for whose recovery in exchange for his own life?
A. Akbar
B. Kamran
C. Humayun
D. Gulbadan Begum

86. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
B. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
C. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
D. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3

87. Which among the following rulers are known as the “Great Mughals”?
A. Babur, Sher Shah, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, Bahadur Shah
B. Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb
C. Babur, Akbar, Aurangzeb, Bahadur Shah, Farrukhsiyar, Jahandar Shah
D. Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Alam, Aurangzeb, Bahadur Shah

88. Babur’s invasion introduced which significant change in warfare?
A. Chariot warfare
B. Systematic gunpowder and artillery use
C. Naval supremacy
D. Guerrilla tactics

89. Which battle witnessed Babur’s careful trench and wagon defence?
A. Ghaghra only
B. Chanderi only
C. Panipat and Khanwa
D. None of the above

90. Which of the following regions was NOT part of Babur’s empire at his death?
A. Kabul
B. Ghaghra region
C. Gwalior
D. Deccan Plateau

91. Assertion (A): Babur’s victory at Khanwa secured Mughal expansion into North-East and Central India.
Reason (R): Rana Sanga’s confederacy was decisively defeated at Khanwa.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

92. Which among the following battles involved Ibrahim Lodi?
A. Khanwa
B. First Battle of Panipat
C. Chanderi
D. Ghaghra

93. Babur’s use of trenches and wagons in warfare reflected influence from:
A. Chinese military methods
B. Rajput warfare
C. Ottoman military techniques
D. Mongol cavalry only

94. Which among the following best describes Babur’s state ideology?
A. Theocratic state dominated by clergy
B. Confederation of tribal chiefs
C. Centralized monarchy based on royal prestige
D. Decentralized feudal structure

95. Babur’s memoir Baburnama was originally written in:
A. Persian
B. Arabic
C. Chagatai Turkish
D. Sanskrit

96. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
B. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
C. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
D. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3

97. The political fragmentation in North India during Babur’s invasion mainly benefited:
A. Portuguese expansion
B. Bengal Sultanate
C. Babur’s military ambitions
D. Vijayanagara Empire

98. Babur’s nobles were called:
A. Mansabdars
B. Sardars
C. Begs
D. Amirs-i-Panjah

99. Which among the following is correctly matched?
A. Battle of Khanwa – Ibrahim Lodi
B. Battle of Chanderi – Nusrat Shah
C. Battle of Ghaghra – Mahmud Lodi
D. Panipat – Rana Sanga

100. The ruler of Bengal during the Battle of Ghaghra was:
A. Alauddin Husain Shah
B. Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah
C. Nusrat Shah
D. Daud Khan

101. Assertion (A): Babur’s conquest encouraged large centralized kingdoms in India.
Reason (R): Artillery and gunpowder warfare required significant financial resources.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

102. Which city became Babur’s base before entering India?
A. Delhi
B. Samarqand
C. Kabul
D. Agra

103. Which among the following battles was fought against Medini Rai?
A. Panipat
B. Khanwa
C. Chanderi
D. Ghaghra

104. Babur’s conquest of Punjab was partly based on his claim as Timur’s successor because Timur had annexed parts of Punjab during:
A. Alauddin Khalji’s reign
B. Firoz Shah Tughlaq’s reign
C. Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq’s reign
D. Sikandar Lodi’s reign

105. Which among the following regions was considered resource-rich by Babur?
A. Kabul
B. Badakhshan
C. Punjab
D. Qandhar

106. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
B. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
C. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
D. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

107. The Battle of Khanwa exposed the weakness of Indian warfare in terms of:
A. Maritime strategy
B. Diplomacy
C. Outdated military technology
D. Revenue administration

108. Which among the following strengthened India’s trans-Asian trade under the Mughals?
A. Control of Gujarat ports only
B. Alliance with Ottomans
C. Control over Kabul and Kandhar
D. Portuguese naval support

109. Babur’s army used wheeled tripods mainly for:
A. Carrying elephants
B. Storing grains
C. Supporting musketeers during battle
D. Constructing bridges

110. Which among the following statements about Babur is incorrect?
A. He was influenced by Persian culture.
B. He was a skilled military strategist.
C. He introduced artillery warfare in India.
D. He established a fully stable empire before death.

111. Assertion (A): Babur’s war against Rana Sanga had a political motive.
Reason (R): Babur aimed to consolidate his newly established authority in India.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

112. Which among the following was a major challenge faced by Babur in India?
A. Lack of military superiority
B. Portuguese naval attacks
C. Hostility from common people due to Timur’s memory
D. Strong Deccan coalition

113. Babur granted leave to nobles who wanted to return to:
A. Delhi
B. Samarqand
C. Kabul
D. Bengal

114. Which among the following rulers poisoned Rana Sanga?
A. Babur
B. Mahmud Lodi
C. Hasan Khan Mewati
D. He was allegedly poisoned by his own nobles

115. Babur enlarged his empire from Kabul in the west to:
A. Delhi in the east
B. Agra in the east
C. Ghaghra in the east
D. Bengal in the east

116. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
B. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
C. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
D. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3

117. Babur’s victories made which military component increasingly important in Indian warfare?
A. Chariots
B. Elephants
C. Artillery
D. Infantry alone

118. Which Mughal ruler took the empire to its greatest territorial expansion?
A. Babur
B. Akbar
C. Shah Jahan
D. Aurangzeb

119. Which of the following rulers invited Babur to India?
A. Sher Shah Suri
B. Bahadur Shah Gujarat
C. Daulat Khan Lodi and Rana Sanga
D. Nusrat Shah

120. Babur’s conquest marked the beginning of Mughal rule for nearly:
A. 100 years
B. 200 years
C. More than 300 years
D. 500 years

121. Assertion (A): Babur’s conquest of India transformed military organization.
Reason (R): Horses increasingly replaced elephants in warfare after Babur.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

122. Which among the following was Babur’s immediate concern after capturing India?
A. Maritime trade
B. Securing political control and satisfying nobles
C. Conquering Sri Lanka
D. Defeating Portuguese

123. Babur’s empire at death stretched from Himalayas in north to:
A. Malwa
B. Gwalior
C. Vindhyas
D. Gujarat

124. Which among the following rulers belonged to the Safavid dynasty?
A. Shaibani Khan
B. Timur
C. Shah Ismail
D. Ibrahim Lodi

125. Babur’s father ruled which territory?
A. Kabul
B. Samarqand
C. Ferghana
D. Bengal

126. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
B. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
C. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
D. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

127. Which among the following correctly reflects Babur’s literary achievement?
A. Wrote Ain-i-Akbari
B. Wrote Humayunnama
C. Authored Baburnama, a literary classic
D. Composed Razmnama

128. Babur’s conquest of India became possible mainly due to:
A. Strong support from Vijayanagara
B. Decline of gunpowder technology
C. Political disunity in North India
D. Maritime supremacy of Mughals

129. Babur’s rule in India lasted approximately:
A. One year
B. Two years
C. Three years
D. Four years

130. Which among the following rulers was Babur’s Timurid ancestor?
A. Alauddin Khalji
B. Ibrahim Lodi
C. Timur
D. Sikandar Lodi

131. Assertion (A): Babur introduced a new mode of warfare in India.
Reason (R): Babur effectively combined artillery with cavalry tactics.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

132. Which among the following was one of Babur’s strongest motivations for invading India?
A. Religious conversion of Indians
B. Wealth and resources of India
C. Alliance with Portuguese
D. Fear of Rajputs

133. Babur regarded India as a suitable refuge against:
A. Portuguese expansion
B. Rajput attacks
C. Uzbek threat
D. Safavid influence

134. Which battle marked the effective end of Rajput challenge to Babur?
A. Panipat
B. Khanwa
C. Chanderi
D. Ghaghra

135. Which among the following areas was annexed from Hasan Khan Mewati?
A. Delhi
B. Agra
C. Large part of Alwar
D. Bayana

136. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
B. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
C. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
D. A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

137. Which battle involved a confederacy of Rajputs and Afghans against Babur?
A. Panipat
B. Khanwa
C. Chanderi
D. Ghaghra

138. Babur accused Rana Sanga of failing to support him against:
A. Mahmud Lodi
B. Ibrahim Lodi
C. Nusrat Shah
D. Shaibani Khan

139. Babur’s military system of keeping reserve forces was known as:
A. Mansabdari
B. Jagirdari
C. Tulugma
D. Dahsala

140. Which among the following was a challenge for Babur after conquering India?
A. Lack of military officers
B. Portuguese invasion of Agra
C. Unwillingness of nobles for a long stay in India
D. Defeat by Rajputs immediately

141. Assertion (A): Babur’s declaration of Jihad before Khanwa was politically motivated.
Reason (R): Babur wanted to unify and motivate his war-weary soldiers.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

142. Which among the following was Babur’s immediate successor?
A. Akbar
B. Humayun
C. Jahangir
D. Sher Shah

143. Babur’s empire expanded up to which river in the east?
A. Yamuna
B. Sutlej
C. Ghaghra
D. Brahmaputra

144. Which of the following was a major contribution of Babur to Indian polity?
A. Village self-government
B. Permanent settlement
C. Establishment of centralized monarchy
D. Democratic institutions

145. Babur’s introduction of artillery warfare favoured:
A. Small tribal republics
B. Village militias
C. Rulers with larger financial resources
D. Local zamindars

146. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
B. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
C. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
D. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1

147. Which among the following is NOT correctly matched?
A. Panipat – 1526
B. Khanwa – 1527
C. Chanderi – 1528
D. Ghaghra – 1530

148. Babur was inspired by which cultural tradition?
A. Roman culture
B. Chinese culture
C. Persian culture
D. Japanese culture

149. Which among the following best explains Babur’s decision to remain in India?
A. Religious pilgrimage
B. Climatic preference
C. Availability of immense resources
D. Portuguese support

150. Babur’s military success demonstrated the superiority of:
A. War elephants only
B. Infantry without cavalry
C. Gunpowder and mobile cavalry combination
D. Fort-based warfare alone

151. Assertion (A): Babur severed ties with the Caliphate.
Reason (R): Babur intended to establish sovereign political authority.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

152. Which among the following rulers was associated with the Rajput confederacy against Babur?
A. Sher Shah
B. Sikandar Lodi
C. Hasan Khan Mewati
D. Bahadur Shah

153. Babur’s army at Panipat defeated Ibrahim Lodi mainly through:
A. Naval blockade
B. Elephant superiority
C. Encirclement and artillery fire
D. Guerrilla warfare

154. The dream of a united Rajasthan up to Agra suffered a setback after:
A. Panipat
B. Khanwa and death of Rana Sanga
C. Ghaghra
D. Chanderi only

155. Babur’s memoir provides valuable information regarding:
A. Gupta administration
B. Mauryan trade
C. Mughal beginnings and Central Asian life
D. Chola architecture

156. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
B. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
C. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
D. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

157. Babur’s conquest of India ended which dynasty’s rule in Delhi?
A. Tughlaq dynasty
B. Sayyid dynasty
C. Lodi dynasty
D. Slave dynasty

158. Which among the following rulers belonged to the Timurid lineage?
A. Sher Shah
B. Babur
C. Ibrahim Lodi
D. Rana Sanga

159. Babur strengthened his military position at Panipat by:
A. Avoiding defensive formations
B. Depending only on cavalry
C. Using trenches, carts, and artillery strategically
D. Relinquishing firearms

160. Babur’s empire laid the foundation for the later achievements of:
A. Bahlul Lodi
B. Rana Sanga
C. Akbar
D. Nusrat Shah

161. Assertion (A): Babur’s victories increased the importance of cavalry over elephants in Indian warfare.
Reason (R): Gunpowder warfare changed military priorities.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

162. Which among the following rulers invited Babur to India due to opposition against Ibrahim Lodi?
A. Nusrat Shah and Hasan Khan Mewati
B. Sikandar Lodi and Rana Sanga
C. Daulat Khan Lodi and Rana Sanga
D. Sher Shah and Medini Rai

163. Which among the following places was famous in the Islamic world and repeatedly targeted by Babur?
A. Kabul
B. Delhi
C. Samarqand
D. Lahore

164. Babur’s conquest of India introduced which broader trend?
A. Rise of village republics
B. Fragmentation into tribal states
C. Era of large centralized kingdoms
D. End of military technology

165. Which among the following Mughal rulers ruled immediately after Humayun?
A. Jahangir
B. Akbar
C. Shah Jahan
D. Aurangzeb

166. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
B. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
C. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
D. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3

167. Which among the following statements regarding Babur is correct?
A. He founded the Sur Empire.
B. He defeated Sher Shah at Panipat.
C. He laid the foundation of Mughal rule in India.
D. He abolished cavalry in warfare.

168. Babur’s victory at Panipat destroyed the power of:
A. Rajputs
B. Bengal Sultanate
C. Lodis
D. Vijayanagara

169. Which among the following battles occurred last chronologically?
A. Panipat
B. Khanwa
C. Chanderi
D. Ghaghra

170. Babur’s military campaigns in India mainly reflected:
A. Defensive isolationism
B. Naval warfare specialization
C. Strategic planning with modern weaponry
D. Purely traditional warfare

171. Assertion (A): Babur’s empire remained politically unstable at his death.
Reason (R): Internal and external adversaries continued to threaten Mughal authority.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

172. Babur’s reign in India may best be characterized as:
A. Long and peaceful
B. Maritime expansionist
C. Foundational and militarily intensive
D. Constitutionally democratic

173. Which among the following best explains the significance of Babur’s advent?
A. Revival of Gupta administration
B. Establishment of Portuguese control
C. Beginning of Mughal imperial structure in India
D. End of Indo-Central Asian relations

174. Babur’s victories enabled India to participate more actively in:
A. Atlantic trade
B. Pacific commerce
C. Trans-Asian trade
D. Mediterranean naval trade only

175. Babur’s empire was expanded and stabilized most effectively by:
A. Humayun
B. Jahangir
C. Akbar
D. Bahadur Shah Zafar

176. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
B. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
C. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
D. A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

177. Which among the following is associated with Babur’s military innovation?
A. Mansabdari
B. Jagirdari
C. Rumi artillery tactics
D. Permanent settlement

178. Babur’s empire survived initially because:
A. Rajputs supported him fully
B. Portuguese protected him
C. Anti-Babur forces were temporarily crippled after Ghaghra
D. Afghans surrendered permanently

179. Which among the following rulers was defeated in the First Battle of Panipat?
A. Rana Sanga
B. Ibrahim Lodi
C. Mahmud Lodi
D. Nusrat Shah

180. Babur’s importance in Indian history primarily lies in:
A. Religious orthodoxy
B. Temple patronage
C. Founding Mughal imperial rule
D. Maritime expansion

181. Assertion (A): Babur’s conquest gave India relative security from north-west invasions for nearly two centuries.
Reason (R): Kabul and Kandhar became integral parts of an empire linked with North India.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

182. Which among the following best explains Babur’s success at Panipat?
A. Superior naval warfare
B. Larger infantry force alone
C. Effective artillery, planning, and encirclement tactics
D. Rajput military support

183. Babur’s autobiography provides evidence for his interest in:
A. Maritime trade only
B. Temple construction only
C. Nature, politics, and culture
D. Buddhist philosophy only

184. Which among the following regions was under Rana Sanga’s influence?
A. Bengal and Bihar
B. Punjab and Sindh
C. Eastern Rajasthan and Malwa
D. Gujarat and Deccan

185. Babur’s conquest of India marked the transition from:
A. Maritime to agrarian economy
B. Tribal monarchy to republic
C. Sultanate rule to Mughal imperial rule
D. Gupta rule to Sultanate rule

186. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
B. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
C. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
D. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

187. Babur’s declaration of himself as ‘Padshah’ reflected:
A. Dependence on ulema
B. Loyalty to Caliph
C. Assertion of sovereign kingship
D. Submission to Ottomans

188. Which among the following battles secured Babur’s control over Delhi and Agra?
A. Ghaghra
B. First Battle of Panipat
C. Khanwa
D. Chanderi

189. Which battle was fought against a Bengal–Afghan alliance?
A. Panipat
B. Khanwa
C. Chanderi
D. Ghaghra

190. Babur’s political ideology was most closely associated with:
A. Tribal confederacy
B. Clerical supremacy
C. Strong centralized monarchy
D. Republican governance

191. Assertion (A): Babur was deeply influenced by Persian culture.
Reason (R): Persian literary and artistic traditions shaped Mughal court culture.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

192. Which among the following correctly describes Babur’s military strategy?
A. Dependence only on elephants
B. Exclusive infantry warfare
C. Combination of cavalry, artillery, and defensive positions
D. Pure guerrilla warfare

193. Babur’s conquest of India ended the dominance of which Afghan house?
A. Sur dynasty
B. Ghaznavid dynasty
C. Lodi dynasty
D. Sayyid dynasty

194. Babur’s campaign against Medini Rai was intended to:
A. Defeat Bengal
B. Attack Gujarat
C. Isolate Rana Sanga politically and militarily
D. Capture Kabul again

195. Which among the following is correctly matched?
A. Ghaghra – Rana Sanga
B. Khanwa – Ibrahim Lodi
C. Chanderi – Medini Rai
D. Panipat – Nusrat Shah

196. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
B. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
C. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
D. A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2

197. Which among the following rulers was defeated by Shah Ismail in 1510?
A. Ibrahim Lodi
B. Rana Sanga
C. Shaibani Khan
D. Sikandar Lodi

198. Babur’s greatest historical contribution was:
A. Promotion of village autonomy
B. Spread of maritime trade
C. Foundation of Mughal Empire in India
D. Establishment of democratic institutions

199. Which among the following was an immediate result of Panipat?
A. Destruction of Rajput confederacy
B. Mughal conquest of Bengal
C. Fall of Lodi power and occupation of Delhi-Agra
D. Annexation of Gujarat

200. Babur’s victories accelerated the spread of:
A. Naval cannons only
B. Chariot warfare
C. Gunpowder and artillery warfare
D. Tribal military systems

201. Assertion (A): Babur remained only a conqueror and contributed nothing to culture.
Reason (R): Babur patronized gardens, literature, and Persianate culture.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

202. Which among the following rulers consolidated the Mughal Empire after Babur’s fragile beginnings?
A. Jahangir
B. Shah Jahan
C. Akbar
D. Bahadur Shah Zafar

203. Babur’s empire at the time of his death was threatened by:
A. Complete internal stability
B. Portuguese annexation
C. Internal and external adversaries
D. Strong naval attacks

204. Which among the following best describes Babur’s role in Indian history?
A. Temporary invader without long-term impact
B. Religious missionary ruler
C. Founder of a long-lasting imperial system
D. Builder of Vijayanagara Empire

205. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

A. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
B. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
C. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
D. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

206. Babur’s military methods revealed the importance of:
A. Elephants over cavalry
B. Traditional warfare only
C. Innovation and battlefield organization
D. Naval supremacy

207. Which among the following rulers was the last effective ruler of the Mughal Empire?
A. Bahadur Shah Zafar
B. Jahandar Shah
C. Aurangzeb
D. Farrukhsiyar

208. Babur’s empire stretched from Kabul in the west to which area in the east?
A. Delhi
B. Punjab
C. Ghaghra
D. Gujarat

209. Assertion (A): Babur’s conquest transformed Indian political and military history.
Reason (R): It introduced centralized monarchy and effective gunpowder warfare.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

210. Which among the following best summarizes Babur’s historical legacy?
A. Founder of the Sur Empire
B. Defender of Delhi Sultanate
C. Founder of Mughal imperial tradition in India combining military innovation, centralized kingship, and cultural patronage
D. Regional ruler of Kabul only