Administration and Economy – UGC NET History – Practice Questions

Administration of Delhi Sultanate

1. During the Delhi Sultanate, administrative decisions were primarily based on which of the following legal principles?
A. Dharma Shastra
B. Shariat (Islamic Law)
C. Roman Law
D. Customary Tribal Law

2. Who among the following was regarded as the head of the state during the Delhi Sultanate?
A. Wazir
B. Naib
C. Qazi-i-Mumalik
D. Sultan

3. The office comparable to that of the Sultan in the Delhi Sultanate administration was:
A. Naib
B. Amir-i-Majlis-Shahi
C. Muqti
D. Ariz-i-Mumalik

4. Which department of the Delhi Sultanate was responsible for military affairs?
A. Diwan-i-Risalat
B. Diwan-i-Arz
C. Diwan-i-Insha
D. Diwan-i-Wizarat

5. The Wazir in the Delhi Sultanate mainly supervised:
A. Judicial affairs
B. Religious affairs
C. Financial administration
D. Military recruitment

6. Diwan-i-Risalat was associated with:
A. Foreign affairs
B. Revenue administration
C. Military discipline
D. Religious affairs

7. Amir-i-Majlis-Shahi was responsible for:
A. Festivals and public arrangements
B. Army training
C. Judicial decisions
D. Revenue collection

8. The minister responsible for correspondence of various offices was:
A. Diwan-i-Risalat
B. Wazir
C. Diwan-i-Arz
D. Diwan-i-Insha

9. Who supervised the army during the Delhi Sultanate?
A. Ariz-i-Mumalik
B. Muqaddam
C. Shaik-ul-Islam
D. Nazim

10. The Ariz-i-Mumalik was mainly regarded as:
A. Commander-in-Chief of the army
B. Collector General of the army
C. Supreme Judge
D. Revenue collector

11. The Sultan generally heard complaints against officials:
A. Once a month
B. Daily
C. At least twice a week
D. Once every fortnight

12. In judicial matters, the Sultan consulted:
A. Diwan-i-Insha
B. Sadra-us-Sadra
C. Amir-i-Majlis
D. Qazi-i-Mumalik

13. Under the Delhi Sultanate, provinces were generally called:
A. Iqtas
B. Parganas
C. Sarkars
D. Vishayas

14. Which of the following was NOT a title used for provincial governors during the Delhi Sultanate?
A. Muqti
B. Wali
C. Mansabdar
D. Nazim

15. The main responsibility of the Muqti was:
A. Conducting religious rituals
B. Maintaining law and order and recovering state dues
C. Supervising trade routes
D. Temple administration

16. Provinces under the Delhi Sultanate were divided into units headed by:
A. Khuts
B. Muqaddams
C. Qazis
D. Shiqdars

17. The basic unit below shiq in local administration was:
A. Pargana
B. Jagir
C. Sarkar
D. Village Sabha

18. Uchar referred to:
A. Tax paid by non-Muslims
B. Agricultural tax paid by Muslims
C. Military tax
D. Property tax

19. Which tax was imposed specifically on non-Muslims for remaining in a Muslim state?
A. Jakaq
B. Kharaj
C. Jaziya
D. Khamas

20. Khamas referred to:
A. Agricultural produce tax
B. Religious contribution by Muslims
C. Tax on traders
D. One-fifth share of plunder paid to the state

21. Match List I with List II regarding Delhi Sultanate administration:

Options:
A- A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
B- A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
C- A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
D- A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

A. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

22. Match List I with List II regarding taxes under Shariyat:

Options:
A- A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
B. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
C- A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
D- A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2

23. Assertion (A): The Delhi Sultanate followed a highly centralized administration.
Reason (R): The Sultan exercised unrestricted authority over state activities.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

C. A is true, but R is false.

24. Assertion (A): Iqtas were transferable during the reign of Iltutmish.
Reason (R): Iqtadars were shifted every three to four years.

A. A is false, but R is true.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
C. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
D. A is true, but R is false.

25. Who institutionalized the Iqta system in India?
A. Muhammad Ghuri
B. Balban
C. Iltutmish
D. Alauddin Khalji

26. The Iqta system in India was first introduced by:
A. Iltutmish
B. Muhammad of Ghur
C. Balban
D. Firuz Shah Tughlaq

27. During the reign of which Sultan did the Iqta become hereditary?
A. Alauddin Khalji
B. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
C. Firuz Shah Tughlaq
D. Balban

28. Small Iqtas were generally held by:
A. Provincial governors
B. Village headmen
C. Merchants
D. Individual troopers

29. Originally, Iqta was mainly assigned in lieu of:
A. Salary
B. Tax exemption
C. Religious service
D. Military punishment

30. Which among the following village groups enjoyed a comparatively higher standard of living during the Sultanate period?
A. Village artisans
B. Muqaddams and Khuts
C. Sharecroppers
D. Landless peasants

31. Alauddin Khalji is known for:
A. Encouraging hereditary Iqtas
B. Supporting village headmen privileges
C. Reducing the privileges of Muqaddams and Khuts
D. Abolishing land revenue

32. Hindu autonomous rulers who retained many of their estates under the Sultanate were known as:
A. Zamindars
B. Sardars
C. Chaudhuris
D. Rais

33. Which of the following travellers described Delhi as the largest city in the Islamic East?
A. Ibn Battuta
B. Al-Biruni
C. Marco Polo
D. Nicolo Conti

34. Which currency system facilitated trade during the Delhi Sultanate?
A. Gold dinar and silver rupaya
B. Silver tanka and copper dirham
C. Gold mohur and copper paisa
D. Silver dam and gold tanka

35. Cambay (Khambhat) in Gujarat was famous for:
A. Horse trade only
B. Raw silk production
C. Textiles and gold-silver work
D. Weapon manufacturing

36. Sonargaon in Bengal was renowned for:
A. Diamond trade
B. Salt production
C. Carpet weaving
D. Raw silk and fine cotton cloth

37. Which technological innovation improved textile production during the Sultanate period?
A. Spinning wheel
B. Steam engine
C. Iron plough
D. Water turbine

38. Indian textiles during the Sultanate period were exported mainly through:
A. Arabian Desert routes
B. Persian Gulf and Red Sea
C. Himalayan passes
D. Bay of Bengal only

39. India imported satin and superior textiles mainly from:
A. Europe
B. Southeast Asia
C. West Asia
D. Africa

40. Which merchant communities dominated coastal trade during the Sultanate period?
A. Rajputs and Marathas
B. Pathans and Turks
C. Kayasthas and Banias
D. Marwaris and Gujaratis

41. Match List I with List II regarding centres of trade:

Options:
A. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
B- A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
C- A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
D- A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

42. Match List I with List II regarding merchant communities:

Options:
A- A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
B. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
C- A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
D- A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

43. Assertion (A): The Delhi Sultanate experienced urban growth due to improved communication and trade.
Reason (R): The silver tanka and copper dirham encouraged commercial expansion.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

C. A is true, but R is false.

44. Assertion (A): Indian textiles had demand in China during the Sultanate period.
Reason (R): Fine Indian textiles were considered more valuable than silk in China.

A. A is false, but R is true.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
C. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
D. A is true, but R is false.

45. The device used to lift water from deeper levels for irrigation was called:
A. Persian wheel
B. Chakra
C. Rahat
D. Arghatta

46. Which among the following crafts advanced during the Sultanate period?
A. Printing technology
B. Automobile construction
C. Paper-making and glass-making
D. Aircraft building

47. The Turkish ruling class of the Delhi Sultanate was primarily:
A. Agrarian in outlook
B. Urban in character
C. Nomadic and isolated
D. Tribal in governance

48. Medieval towns often developed around:
A. Forest settlements
B. Monasteries
C. Pilgrimage centres only
D. Military garrisons

49. Slavery in the Sultanate period was primarily acquired through:
A. War capture
B. Religious conversion
C. Marriage alliances
D. Trade contracts

50. Firuz Shah Tughlaq reportedly collected approximately how many slaves?
A. 50,000
B. 1,80,000
C. 80,000
D. 2,50,000

51. Which Sultan’s palace contained the famous ‘court of thousand pillars’?
A. Balban
B. Alauddin Khalji
C. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
D. Firuz Shah Tughlaq

52. Match List I with List II regarding technological developments:

Options:
A- A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
B- A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
C. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
D- A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

53. Match List I with List II regarding Sultanate towns:

Options:
A- A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
B- A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
C- A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
D. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4

54. Assertion (A): Medieval towns during the Sultanate had socially homogeneous populations.
Reason (R): Towns mainly consisted of soldiers and nobles only.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is false.

55. Assertion (A): Some slaves during the Delhi Sultanate rose to powerful positions.
Reason (R): Skilled slaves were highly valued and entrusted with important duties.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

56. The Hindu Smriti writers of the Sultanate period particularly elevated the status of:
A. Vaishyas
B. Brahmans
C. Shudras
D. Kshatriyas

57. According to Smriti texts, the primary duty of Kshatriyas was:
A. Trade and agriculture
B. Temple construction
C. Punishing the wicked and protecting people
D. Religious preaching

58. Which occupation was prohibited for Shudras according to Smriti texts?
A. Agriculture
B. Craftsmanship
C. Trade
D. Liquor and meat dealing

59. Widow remarriage during the Sultanate period was generally:
A. Prohibited during the Kali Age
B. Compulsory
C. Encouraged by Smriti writers
D. Taxable by the Sultan

60. Which social custom became increasingly popular among upper-class women during the Sultanate period?
A. Polyandry
B. Purdah
C. Swayamvara
D. Widow remarriage

61. During the Sultanate period, Brahmans were allowed to engage in agriculture because:
A. Agriculture was considered the highest occupation
B. Ritual functions alone were insufficient for subsistence in the Kali Age
C. The Sultan made agriculture compulsory
D. Kshatriyas abandoned farming

62. According to Smriti texts, the right to wield weapons for protection of people belonged mainly to:
A. Vaishyas
B. Kshatriyas
C. Brahmans
D. Shudras

63. The prohibition on Shudras during the Sultanate period mainly applied to:
A. Hearing Puranas
B. Agriculture
C. Studying and reciting the Vedas
D. Craft production

64. Under Hindu law, a widow could inherit her sonless husband’s property if:
A. She remarried immediately
B. She had sons
C. She joined ascetic life
D. The property was not joint family property

65. Purdah system among upper-class Hindus gained popularity mainly during:
A. Sultanate period
B. Mauryan period
C. Gupta period
D. Vedic period

66. Muslim society during the Sultanate period was divided largely on the basis of:
A. Occupation only
B. Language only
C. Ethnic and racial groups
D. Territorial divisions only

67. Which of the following groups rarely intermarried during the Sultanate period?
A. Rajputs and Jats
B. Brahmans and Vaishyas
C. Turks, Iranians, Afghans, and Indian Muslims
D. Merchants and peasants

68. Converts from lower-caste Hindus in Muslim society often faced:
A. Equal treatment everywhere
B. Political dominance
C. Royal patronage only
D. Social discrimination

69. The Hindu upper castes imposed restrictions on Muslims similar to those imposed on:
A. Shudras
B. Brahmans
C. Vaishyas
D. Rajputs

70. The Delhi Sultanate has often been described as a:
A. Democratic state
B. Theocratic state
C. Socialist state
D. Tribal confederation

71. Match List I with List II regarding social customs and norms:

Options:
A. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
B- A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
C- A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
D- A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

72. Match List I with List II regarding social groups in Sultanate society:

Options:
A- A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
B. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
C- A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
D- A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3

73. Assertion (A): Hindu society underwent drastic structural transformation during the Sultanate period.
Reason (R): Smriti writers rejected the varna system completely.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is false.

74. Assertion (A): Women’s property rights improved somewhat during the Sultanate period.
Reason (R): Widows could inherit sonless husbands’ separate property.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

75. According to historians, the Delhi Sultanate was not fully theocratic because:
A. Islam was not the state religion
B. It was not governed by a priestly class
C. Hindus ruled equally
D. No religious institutions existed

76. Which offices were established to strengthen the Sultan’s religious position?
A. Wazir and Muqti
B. Ariz-i-Mumalik and Naib
C. Shaik-ul-Islam and Sadra-us-Sadra
D. Diwan-i-Insha and Diwan-i-Arz

77. The khutba read in the Sultan’s name symbolized:
A. Military superiority
B. Trade dominance
C. Religious legitimacy
D. Agricultural prosperity

78. Which mosque near Qutb Minar was built partly from temple remains?
A. Jama Masjid
B. Adhai Din Ka Jhopra
C. Alai Darwaza
D. Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque

79. The Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque was believed to have originally been a:
A. Vishnu temple
B. Shiva temple
C. Jain monastery
D. Buddhist vihara

80. The policy maintained during peaceful times towards Hindus under the Sultanate is best described as:
A. Absolute religious equality
B. Toleration within limits
C. Forced conversion everywhere
D. Complete exclusion

81. Match List I with List II regarding religious administration:

Options:
A- A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
B- A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
C. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
D- A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3

82. Match List I with List II regarding religious freedom under Sultanate:

Options:
A- A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
B- A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
C- A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
D. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

83. Assertion (A): The Delhi Sultanate recognized all religions equally in state policy.
Reason (R): Islam functioned as the state religion.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

84. Assertion (A): Hindu temples were never affected during the Sultanate conquest.
Reason (R): Some temples were converted into mosques.

A. A is false, but R is true.
B. A is false, but R is true.
C. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
D. A is true, but R is false.

85. Which Sultan dealt harshly with village chiefs like Muqaddams and Khuts?
A. Balban
B. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
C. Alauddin Khalji
D. Firuz Shah Tughlaq

86. The office of Naib in the Delhi Sultanate was closest to:
A. Religious authority
B. Deputy to the Sultan
C. Village administration
D. Judicial office

87. The main duty of a Shiqdar was:
A. Temple maintenance
B. Revenue auditing only
C. Maintaining law and order
D. Supervising ports

88. Which tax was considered a religious contribution paid by Muslims?
A. Jaziya
B. Uchar
C. Kharaj
D. Jakaq

89. Which of the following was imported from China during the Sultanate period?
A. Raw silk and porcelain
B. Cotton textiles
C. Horses
D. Weapons

90. Which community played a major role in overland trade with Central and West Asia?
A. Rajputs
B. Multanis and Khurasanis
C. Kayasthas
D. Ahoms

91. Which Sultan reportedly maintained a dazzling court to awe visitors?
A. Iltutmish
B. Balban
C. Sikandar Lodi
D. Ibrahim Lodi

92. Slaves during the Sultanate period were allowed to:
A. Hold royal office only
B. Refuse labour
C. Marry and own personal property
D. Govern provinces independently

93. Which statement best describes medieval social inequality?
A. Equality existed in urban society
B. Hindu society was fully urbanized
C. Significant inequalities characterized medieval society
D. Nobles lived like peasants

94. The Turkish ruling elite preferred:
A. Village life
B. Tribal settlements
C. Agricultural colonies
D. Urban lifestyle

95. Which of the following best explains growth of towns during the Delhi Sultanate?
A. Consolidation of Sultanate and trade expansion
B. Decline in communication
C. Abolition of currency
D. End of military activity

96. The title ‘Alamgir’ was adopted by which Mughal ruler, often studied comparatively with Sultanate governance?
A. Bahadur Shah I
B. Aurangzeb
C. Shah Jahan
D. Jahandar Shah

97. The Sultanate provincial governors were more powerful in:
A. Small villages only
B. Newly conquered regions only
C. Larger and strategically important provinces
D. Temple towns only

98. Which among the following was NOT a feature of the Iqta system?
A. Transferability of Iqtas
B. Revenue collection responsibilities
C. Permanent hereditary rights from the beginning
D. Assignment in lieu of salary

99. The prosperity of Muqaddams and Khuts mainly arose due to:
A. Salaried jobs in Delhi
B. Maritime trade
C. Religious donations
D. Landholding and revenue concessions

100. Hindu Rais under the Delhi Sultanate:
A. Often retained earlier estates and influence
B. Were completely dispossessed
C. Could not visit the Sultan’s court
D. Were converted compulsorily

101. Which traveller noted that Daulatabad had equaled Delhi in importance?
A. Al-Biruni
B. Ibn Battuta
C. Marco Polo
D. Duarte Barbosa

102. Which factor significantly strengthened trade in the Delhi Sultanate?
A. Elimination of cities
B. Standardized currency system
C. Closure of ports
D. Ban on foreign merchants

103. The cotton carder’s bow contributed mainly to:
A. Military equipment
B. Coin minting
C. Better cleaning of cotton
D. Irrigation systems

104. Fine Indian textiles were especially valued in:
A. Japan
B. Russia
C. Africa
D. China

105. Which trading group was largely composed of Jains and controlled coastal trade?
A. Marwaris and Gujaratis
B. Khurasanis
C. Afghans
D. Turks

106. Match List I with List II regarding Delhi Sultanate administration:

Options:
A- A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
B- A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
C- A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
D- A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

A. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

107. Match List I with List II regarding taxes:

Options:
A- A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
B. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
C- A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
D- A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

108. Assertion (A): The Iqtadari system remained unchanged throughout the Sultanate period.
Reason (R): Firuz Shah Tughlaq made Iqtas hereditary.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

109. Assertion (A): The Delhi Sultanate economy witnessed commercial expansion.
Reason (R): Communication improved and currency became standardized.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

110. Which animal imports were especially important during the Delhi Sultanate?
A. Elephants from China
B. Horses from West Asia
C. Camels from Europe
D. Bulls from Arabia

111. A family of a man, wife, servant, and children during Firuz Shah’s reign could survive on approximately:
A. 10 tankas per month
B. 5 tankas per month
C. 15 tankas per month
D. 20 tankas per month

112. The majority of slaves in the Sultanate period were employed for:
A. Provincial administration
B. Temple construction
C. Personal service
D. Maritime trade

113. Which Sultan was particularly known as a collector of slaves?
A. Iltutmish
B. Balban
C. Firuz Shah Tughlaq
D. Alauddin Khalji

114. Which section of medieval town society mainly staffed government clerical offices?
A. Soldiers only
B. Priests only
C. Merchants only
D. Literate people able to read and write

115. Medieval towns during the Sultanate became:
A. Cultural centres in many cases
B. Completely isolated villages
C. Monastic settlements only
D. Purely military camps

116. According to Smriti writers, the highest duty of a Shudra remained:
A. Trade
B. Service to other castes
C. Temple priesthood
D. Kingship

117. Which among the following was permitted to Shudras?
A. Recitation of Vedas
B. Hearing Puranas recited
C. Priesthood in temples
D. Performing sacrifices

118. Marriage annulment for women was allowed in exceptional cases such as:
A. Poverty only
B. Political instability
C. Desertion or serious disease
D. Village migration

119. During the Sultanate, purdah was mainly popular among:
A. Lower-caste women
B. Rural peasants only
C. Tribal communities only
D. Upper-class women

120. Social interaction between Hindu and Muslim upper classes remained limited because of:
A. Religious restrictions and superiority complex
B. Absence of trade
C. Language barriers only
D. Climatic differences

121. Match List I with List II regarding trade and commerce:

Options:
A- A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
B- A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
C- A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
D- A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

A. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

122. Match List I with List II regarding social groups:

Options:
A- A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
B. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
C- A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
D- A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

123. Assertion (A): Muslim society during the Sultanate was socially uniform.
Reason (R): Economic inequalities were absent among Muslims.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is false.

124. Assertion (A): Slavery existed in India before the Delhi Sultanate.
Reason (R): Hindu Shastras mention various categories of slaves.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

125. The ‘Court of Thousand Pillars’ was mainly used for:
A. Religious preaching
B. Sultan’s public court
C. Prison administration
D. Merchant meetings

126. Which of the following best characterizes the living standard of the Sultan and nobles?
A. Similar to peasants
B. Comparable to ruling elites of West and Central Asia
C. Inferior to Europe
D. Completely austere lifestyle

127. The majority of Sultanate resources, according to the passage, were directed toward:
A. Temple building
B. Maritime exploration
C. Spread of Islam
D. Industrialization

128. The Sultan’s behaviour was expected to conform to:
A. Arthashastra
B. Dharmashastra
C. Roman law
D. Quranic principles

129. A portion of Sultanate resources was directed towards:
A. Suppressing non-Muslim activities
B. Universal religious equality
C. Democratic assemblies
D. Industrial training

130. Which statement best describes religious policy during peaceful periods?
A. No Hindu religious practices allowed
B. Hindus could practice religion openly within limits
C. Universal temple destruction continued
D. No taxes on non-Muslims existed

131. Which office monitored the religious behaviour of Muslim subjects during the Delhi Sultanate?
A. Qazi-i-Mumalik
B. Sadra-us-Sadra
C. Diwan-i-Insha
D. Ariz-i-Mumalik

132. The Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque is located near:
A. Jama Masjid
B. Qutb Minar
C. Purana Qila
D. Tughlaqabad Fort

133. During the conversion of temples into mosques, what was commonly removed?
A. Outer walls
B. Pillars
C. Inner sanctum containing the deity
D. Courtyards

134. Which statement best explains the Sultanate’s policy towards religion?
A. Complete religious neutrality
B. Forced conversion of all subjects
C. Total destruction of local faiths
D. Limited toleration with occasional lapses

135. Prisoners of war were sometimes exempted from punishment if they:
A. Accepted Islam
B. Paid tribute
C. Joined the army
D. Migrated abroad

136. The office of Shaik-ul-Islam was established mainly to:
A. Supervise taxation
B. Strengthen the Sultan’s religious authority
C. Manage military affairs
D. Control ports

137. The khutba being read in the Sultan’s name indicated:
A. Judicial supremacy
B. Agricultural control
C. Political and religious legitimacy
D. Village administration

138. The Delhi Sultanate rulers denied many Hindus administrative roles primarily because:
A. Hindus refused participation
B. Trade restrictions existed
C. Villages were autonomous
D. Rulers were Muslims and subjects were largely Hindus

139. Which among the following is considered a limitation to calling the Delhi Sultanate fully theocratic?
A. Absence of priestly class rule
B. Absence of Islam
C. Democratic governance
D. Hindu majority administration

140. Which Sultan is associated with a magnificent palace described by Ibn Battuta?
A. Iltutmish
B. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
C. Firuz Shah Tughlaq
D. Balban

141. Match List I with List II regarding Sultanate religious institutions:

Options:
A- A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
B- A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
C- A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
D- A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3

A. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

142. Match List I with List II regarding administration:

Options:
A- A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
B. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
C- A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
D- A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2

143. Assertion (A): The Delhi Sultanate recognized Hindu religion as equal to Islam in state matters.
Reason (R): Islam was the official state religion.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

144. Assertion (A): The Delhi Sultanate was completely independent of religion.
Reason (R): Sultan’s conduct was expected to follow Quranic principles.

A. A is false, but R is true.
B. A is false, but R is true.
C. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
D. A is true, but R is false.

145. The principal basis of Sultanate administration was:
A. Arthashastra principles
B. Roman legal system
C. Shariat (Islamic law)
D. Buddhist monastic law

146. The chief minister responsible for finances in the Delhi Sultanate was the:
A. Naib
B. Wazir
C. Ariz-i-Mumalik
D. Muqti

147. The judicial system for non-Muslims generally followed:
A. Roman law
B. Sultan’s personal opinion
C. Their own religious laws
D. Military law

148. Muqtis in the Delhi Sultanate were mainly responsible for:
A. Temple administration
B. Trade regulation only
C. Village rituals
D. Peacekeeping and revenue recovery

149. During the Sultanate period, provinces were divided into units known as:
A. Shiqs
B. Janapadas
C. Vishayas
D. Mahajanapadas

150. Which official headed a Shiq?
A. Muqaddam
B. Shiqdar
C. Khut
D. Sadra

151. Which tax was collected as one-fifth of booty acquired during wars?
A. Jakaq
B. Jaziya
C. Khamas
D. Uchar

152. Kharaj was generally levied on:
A. Muslim traders
B. Village artisans
C. Non-Muslim cultivators
D. Army personnel

153. The Iqtadari system helped primarily in:
A. Temple construction
B. Religious conversion
C. Revenue collection and administration
D. Maritime expansion

154. Which ruler gave institutional shape to the Iqta system in India?
A. Muhammad Ghuri
B. Balban
C. Firuz Shah Tughlaq
D. Iltutmish

155. Match List I with List II regarding taxes and obligations:

Options:
A. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
B- A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
C- A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
D- A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1

156. Match List I with List II regarding towns and trade:

Options:
A- A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
B. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
C- A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
D- A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

157. Assertion (A): Medieval Sultanate towns included diverse occupational groups.
Reason (R): Town populations included nobles, clerks, artisans, and beggars.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

158. Assertion (A): Slaves during the Sultanate period had no legal rights whatsoever.
Reason (R): Slaves could marry and own personal property.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. A is false, but R is true.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. Both A and R are false.

159. Which among the following best describes the condition of ordinary peasants?
A. Luxurious and prosperous life
B. Complete tax exemption
C. Hard life affected by wars and famines
D. Dominance over nobles

160. Village artisans and sharecroppers generally belonged to:
A. Wealthiest class
B. Military aristocracy
C. Royal family
D. Lower economic strata

161. Khuts were generally:
A. Small landlords with better living standards
B. Temple priests
C. Foreign traders
D. Revenue ministers

162. Muqaddams were primarily:
A. Slave soldiers
B. Village headmen
C. Merchant guild leaders
D. Religious scholars

163. Which ruler’s court was visited by many Hindu Rais?
A. Firuz Shah Tughlaq
B. Alauddin Khalji
C. Balban
D. Sikandar Lodi

164. The prosperity of Sultanate trade was partly due to:
A. End of currency circulation
B. Ban on foreign commerce
C. Improved communication systems
D. Village isolation

165. Which craft improvement enhanced weaving efficiency?
A. Improved loom
B. Iron sword
C. Compass navigation
D. Gunpowder use

166. Which among the following best explains the rise of many Sultanate towns?
A. Monastic expansion
B. Growth around military garrisons
C. Desert migration
D. Closure of trade routes

167. The dominant trading partners of Indian merchants in the Indian Ocean during the Sultanate period were:
A. Europeans
B. Arabs
C. Africans
D. Mongols

168. Khurasanis involved in overland trade were mainly:
A. Chinese and Tibetans
B. Arabs and Turks
C. Afghans and Iranians
D. Rajputs and Jats

169. Which among the following was imported into India from West Asia?
A. Fine cotton cloth
B. Porcelain
C. Satin and horses
D. Spinning wheel

170. Which technological advancement primarily improved irrigation during the Sultanate period?
A. Rahat (water wheel)
B. Cotton carder’s bow
C. Improved loom
D. Iron furnace

171. Match List I with List II regarding social groups and roles:

Options:
A- A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
B- A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
C- A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
D- A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

A. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

172. Match List I with List II regarding technological and craft developments:

Options:
A- A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
B. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
C- A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
D- A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

173. Assertion (A): Indian textiles enjoyed international demand during the Sultanate period.
Reason (R): Indian textiles were exported to West Asia, Europe, and China.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

174. Assertion (A): Muslim society in the Sultanate period was socially homogeneous.
Reason (R): Turks, Afghans, Iranians, and Indian Muslims rarely intermarried.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. A is false, but R is true.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. Both A and R are false.

175. Which Sultan is known to have followed a harsh policy against village chiefs and intermediaries?
A. Balban
B. Firuz Shah Tughlaq
C. Alauddin Khalji
D. Ibrahim Lodi

176. Which among the following groups generally dominated village panchayats?
A. Slaves and servants
B. Foreign merchants
C. Court nobles only
D. Original settlers and landholders

177. The prosperity of some village elites allowed them to:
A. Live like ordinary labourers
B. Ride expensive Arabi and Iraqi horses
C. Escape all taxation permanently
D. Rule Delhi directly

178. The Sultanate society reflected inequality especially because:
A. Everyone had equal land rights
B. Villages lacked administration
C. Nobles and wealthy merchants lived ostentatiously while common people faced hardships
D. Military expenditure was absent

179. Which of the following was a major cultural characteristic of medieval life despite hardships?
A. Absence of celebrations
B. Universal literacy
C. Complete urbanization
D. Festivals and fairs relieved monotony

180. Which statement regarding women during the Sultanate period is correct?
A. Early marriage and devotion to husband remained important ideals
B. Widow remarriage became universal
C. Women entered priesthood widely
D. Purdah disappeared completely

181. Match List I with List II regarding important persons and descriptions:

Options:
A- A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
B- A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
C- A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
D- A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

A. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

182. Match List I with List II regarding Sultanate institutions:

Options:
A- A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
B. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
C- A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
D- A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

183. Assertion (A): Hindus were completely prevented from practicing religion under the Sultanate.
Reason (R): During peaceful times, Hindus often practiced religion openly within limits.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. A is false, but R is true.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. Both A and R are false.

B. A is false, but R is true.

184. Assertion (A): The Delhi Sultanate had no religious basis at all.
Reason (R): Administrative behaviour of the Sultan was expected to align with Quranic principles.

A. A is false, but R is true.
B. A is false, but R is true.
C. Both A and R are true.
D. A is true, but R is false.

185. Which of the following best explains the nature of the Delhi Sultanate state?
A. Pure democracy
B. Tribal monarchy
C. Religion-influenced monarchy with military support
D. Socialist federation

186. Which official title was used for provincial governors in Iqtas?
A. Mansabdar
B. Jagirdar
C. Muqti/Wali/Nazim
D. Peshwa

187. What was the principal function of the Diwan-i-Insha?
A. Religious taxation
B. Managing official correspondence
C. Conducting military recruitment
D. Supervising village courts

188. The main basis of judicial decisions for Muslims in the Sultanate was:
A. Smritis
B. Arthashastra
C. Shariah
D. Roman jurisprudence

189. Which social class formed the majority of the population during the Sultanate period?
A. Nobles
B. Merchants
C. Artisans
D. Peasants

190. Which statement most accurately summarizes Sultanate society?
A. It was marked by administrative centralization, social inequality, expanding trade, and religious influence on governance
B. It was completely egalitarian and secular
C. It lacked urban centres and trade networks
D. Religion had no role in governance