Art and Architecture – UGC NET History – Practice Questions

Indo-Islamic Architecture

1. Which architectural style emerged as a fusion of Persian and Indian architectural traditions in medieval India?
A. Nagara Style
B. Vesara Style
C. Dravida Style
D. Indo-Islamic Style

2. The replacement of the Trabeat style by the Arcuate style in medieval India was mainly due to the introduction of:
A. Pillars and plinths
B. Arches and domes
C. Shikharas and mandapas
D. Chhatris and toranas

3. Which of the following decorative features became prominent in Indo-Islamic architecture instead of sculptures?
A. Frescoes
B. Miniature paintings
C. Calligraphy
D. Murals

4. The ‘Charbagh’ style in Mughal architecture refers to:
A. Division of gardens into four parts
B. A four-pillared mosque
C. Four-storied palace design
D. A military fortification method

5. Match List I with List II regarding features of Indo-Islamic architecture:

A. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
B. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
C. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
D. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

6. Which feature symbolized the importance of light in Islamic traditions?
A. Fresco work
B. Pietra dura
C. Minars
D. Jaali work

7. Assertion (A): Indo-Islamic architecture prohibited the use of human and animal figures in decoration.
Reason (R): Islamic artistic traditions preferred calligraphy and geometric motifs over figurative sculptures.

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true

8. Which of the following best defines Arabesque design?
A. Use of only floral motifs
B. A style based on military structures
C. Geometrical vegetal ornamentation with repetitive stems
D. A dome decoration technique

9. The wall niche indicating the direction of Mecca in a mosque is called:
A. Minar
B. Mihrab
C. Qubba
D. Madrasa

10. Which among the following is NOT an essential feature of a mosque?
A. Mihrab
B. Minaret
C. Shikhara
D. Calligraphy

11. Match List I with List II:

A. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
B. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
C. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
D. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

12. The Taj Mahal is primarily a:
A. Mosque
B. Palace
C. Fort
D. Mausoleum

13. Which ruler initiated the construction of the Qutub Minar?
A. Qutb-ud-din Aibak
B. Iltutmish
C. Alauddin Khilji
D. Feroz Shah Tughlaq

14. Assertion (A): Existing Hindu temples were frequently converted into mosques during the early Indo-Islamic period.
Reason (R): Early Muslim rulers faced a shortage of building materials and artisans.

A. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true

15. The Imperial Style of architecture flourished approximately during:
A. 1000–1190 A.D.
B. 1557–1707 A.D.
C. 1191–1557 A.D.
D. 1707–1857 A.D.

16. Which dynasty is also known as the Ilbari Dynasty?
A. Khilji Dynasty
B. Tughlaq Dynasty
C. Lodi Dynasty
D. Slave Dynasty

17. Match List I with List II:

A. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
B. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
C. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
D. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

18. The Khilji architectural style was strongly influenced by the:
A. Persian Style
B. Seljuk Style
C. Greek Style
D. Roman Style

19. Which material was extensively used during the Khilji period?
A. White marble
B. Red sandstone
C. Black basalt
D. Granite

20. Assertion (A): Mortar became widely used during the Khilji period.
Reason (R): It served as a cementing material in construction.

A. Both A and R are false
B. A is true but R is false
C. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
D. A is false but R is true

21. Which among the following is associated with Alauddin Khilji?
A. Alai Darwaza
B. Jahaz Mahal
C. Gol Gumbaz
D. Humayun’s Tomb

22. During which dynasty was emphasis placed more on strength than decoration?
A. Slave Dynasty
B. Khilji Dynasty
C. Tughlaq Dynasty
D. Mughal Dynasty

23. The use of grey sandstone became prominent during the:
A. Khilji period
B. Mughal period
C. Lodi period
D. Tughlaq period

24. Which important innovation emerged during the Lodi period?
A. Double dome
B. Charbagh
C. Pietra dura
D. Bulbous dome

25. Match List I with List II:

A. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
B. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
C. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
D. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III

26. The double dome was mainly introduced to:
A. Improve acoustics only
B. Enhance decoration only
C. Strengthen structure and reduce interior height
D. Increase sunlight inside tombs

27. Assertion (A): Lodi tombs were highly ornamented structures.
Reason (R): The Lodis emphasized luxurious decorations in tomb-building.

A. Both A and R are true
B. A is true but R is false
C. A is false but R is true
D. Both A and R are false

28. Which mosque is associated with the Bengal School of Architecture?
A. Adina Mosque
B. Jama Masjid
C. Moti Masjid
D. Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque

29. The Jaunpur style of architecture flourished under the patronage of:
A. Tughlaqs
B. Sharqi rulers
C. Mughals
D. Lodis

30. Assertion (A): Minars were absent in Jaunpur architecture.
Reason (R): Jaunpur architecture followed the Sharqi style similar to Pathan traditions.

A. A is false but R is true
B. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
C. Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation
D. A is true but R is false

31. Which school of architecture is called the Pathan School of Architecture?
A. Bengal School
B. Jaunpur School
C. Malwa School
D. Bijapur School

32. ‘Baulis’ in Malwa architecture were:
A. Pillared halls
B. Mosques
C. Tomb chambers
D. Man-made reservoirs

33. Match List I with List II:

A. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
B. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
C. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
D. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV

34. The Bijapur School developed under the patronage of:
A. Qutb Shahis
B. Adil Shah
C. Bahmani rulers
D. Sharqi rulers

35. Gol Gumbaz is famous for its:
A. Bangla roof
B. Massive dome
C. Wooden carvings
D. Iron pillars

36. Assertion (A): Cornices were introduced in Bijapur architecture.
Reason (R): Bijapur structures lacked domes entirely.

A. Both A and R are true
B. A is false but R is true
C. A is true but R is false
D. Both A and R are false

37. Mughal architecture represents a fusion of:
A. Indo-Islamic, Persian and Turkish influences
B. Greek and Roman styles
C. Buddhist and Jain styles only
D. Gothic and Romanesque styles

38. Which Mughal feature involved inlay work of stones and gems on walls?
A. Charbagh
B. Pietra dura
C. Arabesque
D. Jaali

39. Deccani architecture was mainly influenced by:
A. Chinese architecture
B. Buddhist stupas only
C. Delhi Sultanate and Mughal styles
D. Portuguese churches only

40. Assertion (A): Water was used in Indo-Islamic architecture for cooling and aesthetic purposes.
Reason (R): Water had no religious significance in Islamic architecture.

A. Both A and R are true
B. A is false but R is true
C. Both A and R are false
D. A is true but R is false

41. The Qadam Rasul Mosque is located in:
A. Gour
B. Mandu
C. Jaunpur
D. Delhi

42. Which of the following cities was established during the Tughlaq period?
A. Fatehpur Sikri
B. Jahanpanah
C. Agra
D. Lahore

43. Which medieval ruler founded Agra?
A. Ibrahim Lodi
B. Alauddin Khilji
C. Sikandar Lodi
D. Bahlul Lodi

44. Match List I with List II:

A. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
B. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
C. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
D. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV

45. Which style became dominant with the spread of arches and domes?
A. Arcuate Style
B. Trabeat Style
C. Dravida Style
D. Vesara Style

46. Which architectural school prominently used black marble and bricks?
A. Bijapur School
B. Bengal School
C. Malwa School
D. Mughal School

47. Assertion (A): Large windows were a notable feature of Malwa architecture.
Reason (R): These helped ventilation and cooling during summers.

A. Both A and R are false
B. A is true but R is false
C. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
D. A is false but R is true

48. Which structure is an example of Bijapur architecture?
A. Atala Mosque
B. Jahaz Mahal
C. Qadam Rasul Mosque
D. Gol Gumbaz

49. The term ‘Masjid’ literally refers to a place for:
A. Prostration
B. Education
C. Trade
D. Royal gatherings

50. Which dynasty style marked the beginning of widespread use of mortar in medieval architecture?
A. Slave Dynasty
B. Khilji Dynasty
C. Lodi Dynasty
D. Mughal Dynasty

51. Which among the following is regarded as the earliest Indo-Islamic architectural style?
A. Mughal Style
B. Imperial Style
C. Provincial Style
D. Deccani Style

52. Which one of the following monuments is located within the Qutub complex?
A. Atala Mosque
B. Gol Gumbaz
C. Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque
D. Adina Mosque

53. Match List I with List II:

A. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
B. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
C. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
D. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III

54. The chief purpose behind the construction of forts in medieval India was:
A. Defence against enemies
B. Religious ceremonies
C. Storage of grains
D. Public entertainment

55. Assertion (A): The Taj Mahal represents the peak of Mughal architectural achievement.
Reason (R): It combines symmetry, gardens, domes and minarets harmoniously.

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true

56. Which ruler completed the fifth storey of the Qutub Minar?
A. Iltutmish
B. Alauddin Khilji
C. Sikandar Lodi
D. Feroz Shah Tughlaq

57. The city of Siri is associated with:
A. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
B. Alauddin Khilji
C. Qutb-ud-din Aibak
D. Sikandar Lodi

58. Which of the following architectural periods emphasized simplicity and strength over ornamentation?
A. Khilji Period
B. Mughal Period
C. Tughlaq Period
D. Bengal School

59. Assertion (A): The Lodi rulers paid greater attention to tomb architecture than palace construction.
Reason (R): The Lodi period witnessed the emergence of double domes.

A. Both A and R are false
B. A is false but R is true
C. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
D. A is true but R is false

60. The Lodis generally built tombs in which shape?
A. Octagonal
B. Circular
C. Square
D. Rectangular

61. Which provincial school continued the use of ‘Bangla roofs’?
A. Malwa School
B. Bengal School
C. Bijapur School
D. Mughal School

62. The architectural style of Jaunpur is also known as:
A. Deccani Style
B. Mughal Style
C. Sharqi Style
D. Persian Style

63. Match List I with List II:

A. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
B. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
C. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
D. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

64. Which monument is an example of the Malwa School of Architecture?
A. Atala Mosque
B. Alai Darwaza
C. Gol Gumbaz
D. Jahaz Mahal

65. Assertion (A): The Malwa School avoided the use of minars.
Reason (R): Malwa architecture focused more on climatic adaptation and spaciousness.

A. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true

66. Which of the following is associated with the Deccan style of architecture?
A. Atala Mosque
B. Bahmani monuments at Gulbarga
C. Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque
D. Lodi Garden

67. The term ‘Pietra Dura’ refers to:
A. Dome-building technique
B. Fortification method
C. Inlay work using stones and gems
D. Garden division pattern

68. Which Indo-Islamic architectural feature creates an illusion that inscriptions appear closer than they actually are?
A. Charbagh method
B. Jaali technique
C. Arabesque pattern
D. Foreshortening process

69. Assertion (A): Calligraphy became a prominent decorative feature in Indo-Islamic architecture.
Reason (R): Figurative sculpture was generally avoided in Islamic architecture.

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true

70. Which dynasty style is particularly associated with red sandstone?
A. Tughlaq Dynasty
B. Lodi Dynasty
C. Khilji Dynasty
D. Slave Dynasty

71. The Atala Mosque is situated in:
A. Mandu
B. Jaunpur
C. Pandua
D. Ajmer

72. Match List I with List II:

A. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
B. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
C. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
D. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

73. Which dynasty’s architecture is often described as an ‘architectural disaster’ during the Delhi Sultanate period?
A. Tughlaq Dynasty
B. Slave Dynasty
C. Mughal Dynasty
D. Khilji Dynasty

74. The Indo-Saracenic style is another name for:
A. Mughal Style
B. Indo-Islamic Architecture
C. Provincial Architecture
D. Deccan Style

75. Assertion (A): Islamic rulers completely rejected local Indian architectural traditions.
Reason (R): Indo-Islamic architecture evolved through a fusion of Persian and Indian styles.

A. Both A and R are true
B. A is true but R is false
C. A is false but R is true
D. Both A and R are false

76. The term ‘hypostyle hall’ refers to:
A. Underground chamber
B. Dome-shaped room
C. Royal audience hall
D. Vast columned hall

77. Which among the following was founded by Sikandar Lodi?
A. Fatehpur Sikri
B. Tughlaqabad
C. Agra
D. Siri

78. The use of black marble in architecture was especially associated with:
A. Mughal School
B. Jaunpur School
C. Bengal School
D. Malwa School

79. Assertion (A): Jaunpur architecture avoided the use of minars.
Reason (R): It followed a distinct Sharqi architectural tradition.

A. Both A and R are false
B. A is false but R is true
C. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
D. A is true but R is false

80. The Rani Roopmati Pavilion is located in:
A. Mandu
B. Gulbarga
C. Delhi
D. Jaunpur

81. Which architectural school introduced seemingly unsupported ceilings?
A. Bengal School
B. Bijapur School
C. Lodi School
D. Jaunpur School

82. The use of iron clamps and thick mortar plaster was common in:
A. Mughal School
B. Bijapur School
C. Bengal School
D. Tughlaq School

83. Match List I with List II:

A. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
B. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
C. A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
D. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

84. Which among the following best characterizes Mughal architecture?
A. Symmetry and elaborate ornamentation
B. Exclusive use of granite
C. Complete absence of domes
D. Wooden architecture

85. Assertion (A): Water in Indo-Islamic architecture was used only for religious rituals.
Reason (R): Water was also valued for aesthetic and cooling purposes.

A. Both A and R are true
B. A is false but R is true
C. Both A and R are false
D. A is true but R is false

86. Which monument is associated with the Qadam Rasul Mosque tradition?
A. Jaunpur
B. Delhi
C. Gour
D. Mandu

87. Which architectural technique gave medieval Indo-Islamic buildings greater spaciousness and breadth?
A. Trabeat construction
B. Wooden carving
C. Arcuate construction
D. Corbelled roofing

88. The use of floral designs and Hindu motifs continued significantly during:
A. Deccan Style
B. Provincial Style
C. Mughal Style
D. Imperial Style

89. Assertion (A): The Mughal architectural style flourished mainly from the mid-16th to the 17th century.
Reason (R): Mughal architecture had no Persian influence.

A. Both A and R are true
B. A is false but R is true
C. Both A and R are false
D. A is true but R is false

90. Which among the following was NOT a city of the Tughlaq rulers?
A. Siri
B. Tughlaqabad
C. Ferozabad
D. Jahanpanah

91. Which school of architecture was particularly climate-responsive with airy pavilions and large windows?
A. Bengal School
B. Malwa School
C. Jaunpur School
D. Lodi School

92. Which one of the following rulers is associated with the Gol Gumbaz?
A. Alauddin Khilji
B. Sikandar Lodi
C. Adil Shah
D. Qutb-ud-din Aibak

93. Match List I with List II:

A. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
B. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
C. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
D. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III

94. Which medieval monument best represents the magnificence of Indo-Islamic architecture?
A. Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque
B. Alai Darwaza
C. Atala Mosque
D. Taj Mahal

95. Assertion (A): Indo-Islamic architecture extensively used geometry as a decorative motif.
Reason (R): Geometric ornamentation was central to Arabesque style.

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true

96. Which structure is associated with Ajmer?
A. Atala Mosque
B. Arhai-din-ka-Jhopra
C. Jahaz Mahal
D. Gol Gumbaz

97. Which dynasty witnessed the beginning of dominance of the Arcuate style?
A. Lodi Dynasty
B. Slave Dynasty
C. Khilji Dynasty
D. Mughal Dynasty

98. The Bijapur style is also known as:
A. Sharqi Style
B. Bengal Style
C. Deccan Style
D. Imperial Style

99. Assertion (A): Minars became common around mosques and mausoleums under Islamic rulers.
Reason (R): They were used for broadcasting the call to prayer.

A. Both A and R are false
B. A is false but R is true
C. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
D. A is true but R is false

100. The Bahmani monuments at Bidar are examples of:
A. Deccan Style Architecture
B. Mughal Style
C. Lodi Style
D. Bengal School

101. Which of the following schools of architecture is associated with sloping ‘Bangla roofs’?
A. Jaunpur School
B. Bengal School
C. Bijapur School
D. Malwa School

102. Which among the following best explains the emergence of Indo-Islamic architecture?
A. Decline of temple architecture
B. Spread of European influence
C. Synthesis of Indian and Muslim architectural traditions
D. Replacement of Persian builders by Indian artisans

103. Match List I with List II:

A. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
B. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
C. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
D. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III

104. The Taj Mahal was built as a mausoleum for:
A. Mumtaz Mahal
B. Nur Jahan
C. Jahanara Begum
D. Roshanara Begum

105. Assertion (A): The Mihrab in a mosque indicates the direction of Mecca.
Reason (R): Muslims pray facing Mecca.

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true

106. The Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque is located at:
A. Ajmer
B. Jaunpur
C. Pandua
D. Delhi (Qutub Complex)

107. Which feature of Indo-Islamic architecture involved perforated stone screens?
A. Pietra dura
B. Jaali work
C. Arabesque
D. Foreshortening

108. Which dynasty mainly commissioned tombs rather than palaces?
A. Khilji Dynasty
B. Tughlaq Dynasty
C. Lodi Dynasty
D. Slave Dynasty

109. Assertion (A): Tughlaq architecture emphasized ornamentation over military strength.
Reason (R): Tughlaq rulers preferred massive and durable structures.

A. Both A and R are true
B. A is true but R is false
C. A is false but R is true
D. Both A and R are false

110. Which of the following is an example of Bengal School architecture?
A. Qadam Rasul Mosque
B. Atala Mosque
C. Jahaz Mahal
D. Gol Gumbaz

111. Which school of architecture is known for giant screens with bold inscriptions in prayer halls?
A. Bengal School
B. Jaunpur School
C. Mughal School
D. Bijapur School

112. Which of the following structures is associated with Mandu?
A. Gol Gumbaz
B. Siri Fort
C. Hindola Mahal
D. Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque

113. Match List I with List II:

A. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
B. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
C. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
D. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

114. Which ruler built Alai Darwaza?
A. Qutb-ud-din Aibak
B. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
C. Sikandar Lodi
D. Alauddin Khilji

115. Assertion (A): Indo-Islamic architecture completely ignored local building materials.
Reason (R): Provincial schools often used locally available materials.

A. Both A and R are true
B. A is false but R is true
C. A is true but R is false
D. Both A and R are false

116. The bulbous dome with a thin neck became characteristic of:
A. Jaunpur School
B. Bijapur School
C. Bengal School
D. Malwa School

117. The ‘foreshortening process’ in architecture was related to:
A. Dome construction
B. Optical illusion in inscriptions
C. Garden planning
D. Pillar strengthening

118. Which among the following is correctly matched?
A. Gol Gumbaz — Jaunpur
B. Jahaz Mahal — Bengal
C. Atala Mosque — Jaunpur
D. Adina Mosque — Delhi

119. Assertion (A): Mughal architecture lacked symmetry in planning.
Reason (R): Mughal monuments followed regular patterns and balanced layouts.

A. Both A and R are true
B. A is true but R is false
C. A is false but R is true
D. Both A and R are false

120. Which of the following architectural schools flourished roughly between 1490–1656 A.D.?
A. Bijapur School
B. Bengal School
C. Jaunpur School
D. Malwa School

121. Which among the following best describes the purpose of water in Indo-Islamic architecture?
A. Only irrigation
B. Aesthetic, cooling and religious significance
C. Military defence only
D. Decorative use only

122. Which dynasty used remains of Hindu temples for mosque construction?
A. Mughal Dynasty
B. Slave Dynasty
C. Bahmani Dynasty
D. Lodi Dynasty

123. Match List I with List II:

A. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
B. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
C. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
D. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III

124. The use of mortar as a cementing agent became common during:
A. Mughal period
B. Lodi period
C. Tughlaq period
D. Khilji period

125. Assertion (A): The Mughal style incorporated Persian and Turkish influences.
Reason (R): Mughal architecture evolved as a blend of multiple traditions.

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true

126. Which among the following schools did NOT commonly use minars?
A. Bijapur School
B. Jaunpur School
C. Mughal School
D. Bengal School

127. The architectural term ‘Qubba’ refers to:
A. Prayer niche
B. Dome
C. Educational hall
D. Fortification tower

128. Which medieval city is associated with Feroz Shah Tughlaq?
A. Siri
B. Agra
C. Ferozabad
D. Mandu

129. Assertion (A): Arabesque decoration relied on repetitive vegetal and geometric forms.
Reason (R): Arabesque avoided ornamental continuity.

A. Both A and R are true
B. A is true but R is false
C. A is true and R is false
D. A is false but R is true

130. Which structure is associated with the Ajmer region?
A. Arhai-din-ka-Jhopra
B. Gol Gumbaz
C. Jahaz Mahal
D. Atala Mosque

131. The Mughal architectural period broadly flourished during:
A. 10th–12th century
B. Mid-16th to 17th century
C. 8th–10th century
D. 18th–19th century

132. Which dynasty introduced the concept of double domes prominently?
A. Khilji Dynasty
B. Lodi Dynasty
C. Tughlaq Dynasty
D. Slave Dynasty

133. Match List I with List II:

A. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
B. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
C. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
D. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

134. Which school of architecture used stylized arches and pillars with large windows?
A. Bengal School
B. Jaunpur School
C. Bijapur School
D. Malwa School

135. Assertion (A): Indo-Islamic architecture enhanced spaciousness and massiveness in buildings.
Reason (R): Arcuate techniques enabled wider spans and stronger structures.

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true

136. Which among the following monuments belongs to the Bijapur School?
A. Qadam Rasul Mosque
B. Gol Gumbaz
C. Atala Mosque
D. Jahaz Mahal

137. The ‘minaret’ in a mosque primarily served as:
A. Burial chamber
B. Tower for call to prayer
C. Place for education
D. Defensive fortification

138. Which architectural school blended regional styles with domes, arches and mihrabs using local materials?
A. Mughal Style
B. Imperial Style
C. Provincial Style
D. Persian Style

139. Assertion (A): Provincial schools of architecture developed their own styles after initially building over ruins of Hindu and Jain temples.
Reason (R): Regional materials and traditions influenced provincial architecture.

A. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
B. A is true but R is false
C. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
D. A is false but R is true

140. The city of Jahanpanah is associated with:
A. Tughlaq Dynasty
B. Mughal Dynasty
C. Sharqi rulers
D. Slave Dynasty

141. Which among the following best defines the term ‘Arabesque’?
A. A method of fortification
B. Geometric and vegetal decorative style
C. Dome-building process
D. Garden planning system

142. The Deccan Sultanates were mainly located in the:
A. Gangetic plains
B. Deccan Plateau
C. Punjab region
D. Bengal delta

143. Match List I with List II:

A. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
B. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
C. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
D. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III

144. Which among the following reflects Persian influence most visibly in Mughal architecture?
A. Wooden ceilings only
B. Absence of symmetry
C. Lack of gardens
D. Charbagh planning and decorative inlay

145. Assertion (A): Indo-Islamic architecture emerged after the establishment of Muslim rule in India.
Reason (R): It developed through interaction between Indian and Islamic architectural traditions.

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true