Rulers at the time of Babur’s Accession

• Sultan Mahmud Khan (elder maternal uncle) ruled over Tashkent, Sairam, and Shahrukhia.
• Sultan Ahmad Khan (younger maternal uncle) governed the region between Tashkent and Yelduz.
• Sultan Ahmad Mirza (elder paternal uncle) ruled Samarkand and Bokhara.
• Sultan Mahmud Mirza (younger paternal uncle) governed Hisar, Badakhshan, and Qunduz.
• Sultan Ulugh Beg Mirza (youngest paternal uncle) controlled Kabul and Ghazni.
• Sultan Husain Mirza Baiqara (head of the House of Timur) ruled Khorasan and Herat.
• In the month of Ramzan of the Hijri year 899, Babur, at the age of 12, became the ruler of Farghana.
• Babur’s ancestry is traced to two of Asia’s greatest empire builders: Temujin (Chinggis Khan) and Timur the Lame.
• Babur was a direct descendant of Timur on his father’s side (fifth generation) and from Chinggis Khan (fourteenth degree) on his mother’s side.
• Babur’s family had a legacy of ambition, with both Timurids and Chinggisids influencing his environment.
• Sultan Abu Saiyid Mirza, Babur’s paternal grandfather, conquered Mawerannahr (Transoxiana) and extended his domain over Khorasan, Mekran, and the Indus.
• In 1469, Sultan Abu Saiyid met his demise in the disaster of Iraq, where he was trapped and killed near Ardabil.
• After his death, Sultan Abu Saiyid’s empire was divided among his sons:
  • Sultan Ahmad Mirza took Samarkand and Bokhara.
  • Sultan Mahmud Mirza ruled Badakhshan and surrounding areas.
  • Ulugh Beg Mirza continued the governance of Kabul and Ghazni.
  • ’Umar Shaikh Mirza (Babur’s father) retained Farghana.