Book No.48 (History)

Book Name Western Civilisation: Their History and Their Culture (Edward Mcnall)

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1. POLITICAL HISTORY UNDER THE PHARAOHS

2. EGYPTIAN RELIGION

3. EGYPTIAN INTELLECTUAL ACHIEVEMENTS

4. THE SPLENDOR OF EGYPTIAN ART

5. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LIFE

6. THE EGYPTIAN ACHIEVEMENT

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Egyptian Civilisation

Chapter – 3

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Harshit Sharma

Alumnus (BHU)

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Table of Contents
  • Modern crowds are captivated by the allure of ancient Egyptian civilization when viewing treasures in museums.
  • Egyptian civilization is almost as old as Mesopotamian civilization, dating back to the fourth millennium B.C..
  • It is often compared to Mesopotamia because of its stability and serenity, unlike Mesopotamia, which was characterized by turmoil and tension.
  • Egyptians were generally peaceful for long periods, and their statuary and painted human figures often appear calm, as if they were enjoying a relaxed vacation.
  • Environmental factors largely explain the striking differences between Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations.
  • Mesopotamia’s climate was harsh, and the Tigris and Euphrates floods were irregular, making it difficult to rely on nature for sustenance.
  • The open plain of Mesopotamia lacked natural protection, so its inhabitants were always on military alert.
  • Egyptian civilization was centered around the Nile, a dependably life-enhancing river.
  • The Nile provided fertile soil for agriculture and flooded regularly every year, creating a predictable, benign environment.
  • Egypt’s geography, surrounded by deserts and the Red Sea, protected it from frequent foreign invasions.
  • The centrality of the Nile in Egyptian life is illustrated by their two words for travel: khed (downstream) and khent(upstream).
  • The Greek historian Herodotus famously described Egypt as “the gift of the Nile”.

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