1. In metaphysics, the concept of essence primarily answers which question?
A. Why does it exist
B. How does it change
C. What is it
D. When does it exist
Answer: C

2. The term “quiddity” is most closely associated with:
A. Existence
B. Essence
C. Accident
D. Substance
Answer: B

3. Aristotle defines essence as:
A. The act of existence
B. What a thing happens to be
C. What it is to be a thing
D. A collection of accidents
Answer: C

4. In Aristotelian metaphysics, essence is most closely linked with:
A. Efficient cause
B. Material cause
C. Formal cause
D. Final cause
Answer: C

5. Which property of a horse is accidental rather than essential?
A. Being an animal
B. Being alive
C. Being rational
D. Being brown
Answer: D

6. Essence differs from accidents because accidents:
A. Are necessary
B. Define species
C. Can change without altering identity
D. Determine existence
Answer: C

7. The phrase “to ti ēn einai” in Aristotle refers to:
A. Existence
B. Potentiality
C. Essence
D. Matter
Answer: C

8. Existence in metaphysics primarily refers to:
A. Meaning
B. Definition
C. Actuality
D. Possibility
Answer: C

9. The distinction between “what something is” and “that something is” corresponds to:
A. Form and matter
B. Essence and existence
C. Cause and effect
D. Substance and accident
Answer: B

10. Aristotle generally held that in individual substances:
A. Essence and existence are completely separate
B. Essence and existence are unified
C. Existence precedes essence
D. Essence is illusory
Answer: B