Delhi Sultanate, a pivotal chapter in the history of India, was a dynamic and transformative period that spanned from the early 13th century to the mid-16th century. Emerging as a consequence of the Turkish and Afghan incursions into the Indian subcontinent, the Delhi Sultanate marked the onset of Islamic rule in the region. This era witnessed a series of powerful and influential dynasties that left an indelible mark on India’s socio-political landscape. From the establishment of the first sultanate by Qutb-ud-din Aibak to the rise of the Mughal Empire, the Delhi Sultanate era was characterized by cultural amalgamation, architectural marvels, and complex political dynamics. It shaped the course of Indian history and set the stage for the grandeur of the Mughal Empire that would follow. In this introduction, we will delve into the significant events, rulers, and cultural contributions that defined the Delhi Sultanate, shedding light on its multifaceted legacy in the subcontinent’s rich historical tapestry.

After the death of Mohammed Ghori, there were multiple contenders for the throne. Qutb-ud-din Aibak emerged as the ruler and established the Slave dynasty, which marked the beginning of Muslim rule in India under the Delhi Sultanate. The Delhi Sultanate existed from A.D. 1206 to 1526 and witnessed the reign of five different dynasties – the Slave, Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyids, and Lodis.

• Slave Dynasty (1206-1290)
• Khaliji Dynasty (1290-1320)
• Thuglaq Dynasty (1320-1414)
• Sayeed Dynasty (1414-1451)
• Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526)

The first three dynasties belonged to the Turkish race, while the Sayyids were Arabs who claimed descent from Prophet Mohammed. The Lodis were Afghans. The first dynasty had the highest number of Sultans, while the Lodi dynasty had the least. The Tughlaqs ruled for a longer period than the Khaljis, while the Sayyids ruled over the smallest territory.