1. The justification problem in epistemology primarily seeks to explain:
A. How beliefs become socially accepted
B. How beliefs are psychologically caused
C. How beliefs are connected to truth
D. How language shapes belief
Answer: C

2. Foundationalism attempts to solve the regress problem by:
A. Allowing circular justification
B. Accepting infinite chains of reasons
C. Positing self-justified basic beliefs
D. Rejecting justification altogether
Answer: C

3. According to foundationalism, non-basic beliefs are justified by:
A. Social consensus
B. Pragmatic success
C. Inferential relations to basic beliefs
D. Linguistic coherence
Answer: C

4. Classical foundationalism requires foundational beliefs to be:
A. Probable
B. Context-dependent
C. Indubitable
D. Convention-based
Answer: C

5. Which belief is most likely considered foundational by empiricist foundationalists?
A. “All men are mortal”
B. “God exists”
C. “I am in pain”
D. “Justice is good”
Answer: C

6. Cartesian foundationalism identifies the ultimate foundation of knowledge as:
A. Sense perception
B. Logical axioms
C. Cogito, ergo sum
D. Scientific method
Answer: C

7. Modern foundationalism differs from classical foundationalism by:
A. Rejecting basic beliefs
B. Demanding absolute certainty
C. Allowing fallible but non-inferential beliefs
D. Accepting circular justification
Answer: C

8. Which of the following best characterizes the structure of knowledge in foundationalism?
A. Web-like
B. Linear-hierarchical
C. Infinitely regressive
D. Contextual
Answer: B

9. A major challenge to foundationalism concerns:
A. Excessive relativism
B. Identifying genuine basic beliefs
C. Overemphasis on coherence
D. Denial of perception
Answer: B

10. Coherentism rejects foundationalism mainly because it denies:
A. Truth
B. Rationality
C. Basic beliefs
D. Justification
Answer: C