Memory and Forgetting Memory Processes – Psychology UGC NET – Solved PYQs

Included Topics: Memory and Forgetting Memory processes: Encoding, Storage, Retrieval Stages of memory: Sensory memory, Short-term memory (Working memory). Long-term Memory (Declarative Episodic and Semantic; Procedural) Theories of Forgetting: Interference, Retrieval Failure, Decay, Motivated forgetting

1. Read each of the following two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and Indicate your answer using the codes given below: [DEC 2014]

Assertion (A): Both, context dependent memory and state dependent retrieval refer to the ease with which one can recall information in a similar context or state as when it was acquired.

Reason (R): According to encoding specificity principle retrieval of information is successful to the extent that the retrieval cues match the cues the learner used during the learning phase.

Codes:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

(2) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(3) (A) is true, but (R) is false

(4) (A) is false, but (R) is true

2. Which of the following are problems with punishment? [DEC 2014]

I. The effect of punishment is often temporary.

II. Severe punishment creates fear and anxiety.

III. Mild punishment is paired with reinforcement of the correct behaviour.

IV. Aggressive punishment can model aggressive behaviour.

Codes:

(1) I and IV

(2) II and III

(3) II, III and IV

(4) I, II and IV

3. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by choosing from the codes given below: [DEC 2014]

Codes:

(1) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

(2) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I

(3) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

(4) A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III

4. Which of the following are true of short-term memory? [DEC 2014]

I. Limited capacity

II. Brief storage of information

III. Unlimited capacity

IV. Duration of storage less than twenty seconds

Codes:

(1) I, III and IV

(2) III and IV

(3) I, II and IV

(4) II and IV

5. A view of memory suggesting that the greater the effort expended in processing information will be recalled later represents [DEC 2014]

(1) Neural network models of memory

(2) Levels of processing model of memory

(3) Multiple components model of memory

(4) Three stage model of memory

6. Match List I with List II and indicate your answer using the codes given below: [DEC 2014]

Codes:

(1) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

(2) A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

(3) A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III

(4) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

7. According to Edward Tolman, the three parts of learning that work together as Gestalt are [DEC 2014]

I. Significant

II. Habit strength

III. Sign

IV. Means-end-relationship

V. Drive strength

Codes:

(1) II, III and V

(2) III, IV and V

(3) I, II and III

(4) I, III and IV

8. Short-term memories are stored in which part of the brain? [DEC 2014]

(1) Cerebellum

(2) Amygdala

(3) Hippocampus

(4) Prefrontal cortex

9. Which of the following is correctly arranged? [JUNE 2015]

(1) Sensory memory, Short-term memory, Forgetting

(2) Long-term memory, Sensory memory, Short-term memory

(3) Sensory memory, Short-term memory, Long-term memory

(4) Episodic memory, Short-term memory, Long term memory

10. Frederic Bartlett described memory as a [JUNE 2015]

(1) constructive mental process

(2) reproductive mental process

(3) active mental process

(4) a process of retention

11. According to interference theory, which one of the following causes forgetting? [JUNE 2015]

(1) Failure of storage

(2) Failure of encoding

(3) Failure of retrieval

(4) Response competition

12. Which one of the following is not correct in regard of semantic memory? [JUNE 2015]

(1) It is relatively stable

(2) There is interference in it

(3) It is free from acquisition context

(4) It has chunking

13. Read each of the following two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and Indicate your answer using the codes given below: [JUNE 2015]

Assertion (A): People who learn more and more lists of words on successive days have more and more difficulty in learning each new list next day.

Reason (R): People have limited capacity to learn verbal material.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

(2) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(3) (A) is true, but (R) is false

(4) (A) is false, but (R) is true

14. Read each of the following two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below: [JUNE 2015]

Assertion (A): Method of loci helps keeping memories intact and retrievable.

Reason (R): Familiar loci are already organised in our long-term memories.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

(2) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(3) (A) is true, but (R) is false

(4) (A) is false, but (R) is true

15. Memory for surprising and consequential events (emotional public events) are known as [JUNE 2015]

(1) photographic memory

(2) flash bulb memory

(3) iconic memory

(4) implicit memory

16. What is not typical of Atkinson and Shiffrin Model of Memory? [JUNE 2015]

(1) STM is engaged in complex cognitive activities

(2) STM is gateway to LTM

(3) It is a sequential model

(4) STM controls and enhances information to LTM

17. Which of the following fit into declarative memories? [JUNE 2015]

I. Semantic memory

II. Short-term memory

III. Episodic memory

IV. Procedural memory

Codes:

(1) I and III

(2) II and IV

(3) I, II and III

(4) All of these