1. The problem of induction fundamentally questions the justification of:
A. Deductive certainty
B. A priori knowledge
C. Inferences from past to future
D. Linguistic meaning
Answer: C

2. Inductive inference is best described as reasoning from:
A. Universal laws to particular cases
B. Necessary truths to contingent truths
C. Past observations to future expectations
D. Definitions to conclusions
Answer: C

3. The philosopher most closely associated with formulating the problem of induction is:
A. Immanuel Kant
B. David Hume
C. John Locke
D. George Berkeley
Answer: B

4. According to Hume, beliefs about cause and effect are grounded primarily in:
A. Rational intuition
B. Logical necessity
C. Custom or habit
D. Divine guarantee
Answer: C

5. Hume classified all objects of human knowledge into:
A. Analytic and synthetic judgments
B. Necessary and contingent truths
C. Relations of ideas and matters of fact
D. A priori and a posteriori truths
Answer: C

6. Inductive reasoning falls under which category in Hume’s classification?
A. Relations of ideas
B. Matters of fact
C. Logical truths
D. Analytic propositions
Answer: B

7. The assumption that nature will continue to behave uniformly is called:
A. Principle of sufficient reason
B. Uniformity of nature
C. Law of non-contradiction
D. Principle of verification
Answer: B

8. Hume argued that the principle of uniformity of nature is justified by:
A. Deductive proof
B. Inductive reasoning
C. Habit rather than reason
D. Divine intervention
Answer: C

9. Why does Hume reject inductive justification of induction itself?
A. It is empirically false
B. It leads to infinite regress
C. It is circular
D. It contradicts logic
Answer: C

10. The expectation that the sun will rise tomorrow is an example of:
A. Deductive certainty
B. Logical necessity
C. Inductive belief
D. Analytic truth
Answer: C