SOLVED PYQs UGC NET (PSYCHOLOGY)
Psychological Thought in Eastern Systems
UGC NET PSYCHOLOGY
Emergence of Psychology (UNIT 1)
Topics Included:Psychological thought in some major Eastern Systems: Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism and Integral Yoga. Academic psychology in India: Pre Independence era; post-independence era; 1970s: The move to addressing social issues; 1980s: Indigenization; 1990s: Paradigmatic concerns, disciplinary identity crisis; 2000s: Emergence of Indian psychology in academia. Issues: The colonial encounter; Post colonialism and psychology; Lack of distinct disciplinary identity
1. Utilitarianism provided the description of thought and behaviour. of [JAN 2017]
(1) what
(2) when
(3) why
(4) how
2. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by choosing from the codes given below: [JAN 2017]
| List I (Concept) | List II (Explanation) |
|---|---|
| A. Monism | I. Brain functions as an undifferentiated whole |
| B. Dualism | II. Mind and body consists of the same substance |
| C. Equipotentiality | III. Body is material and mind is non-material |
| D. Reductionism | IV. Understanding of behavioural phenomenon in terms of biological principles |
Codes:
(1) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
(2) A-I, B-III, C-I, D-IV
(3) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
(4) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
3. Read the following statements and describe which are correct. [JULY 2018]
I. Archetypes are themes that have existed in all cultures through history.
II. Personal unconscious is the region next to ego which consists of all the forgotten experiences that have lost their intensity.
III. Masculine archetype in men is called animus.
IV. Persona is a compromise between demands of the environment and necessities of individuals.
Codes:
(1) I, II and III are correct; IV is not correct
(2) II, III and IV are correct; I is not correct
(3) I, II and IV are correct; III is not correct
(4) I, III and IV are correct; II is not correct
4. Match List I with List II. [JUNE 2019]
| List I (Schools of Psychology) | List II (Concept) |
|---|---|
| A. Psychoanalysis | I. Elements of conscious experience |
| B. Behaviourism | II. Self-actualisation |
| C. Structuralism | III. Unconscious processes |
| D. Transpersonal Psychology | IV. S-R relations |
Codes:
(1) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
(2) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
(3) A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
(4) A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
5. Which of the following school of Buddhism focuses on collective freedom from suffering and feeling the ways of enlightenment? [DEC 2019]
(1) Nirvana
(2) Theravada Buddhism
(3) Mahayana Buddhism
(4) Vajrayana Buddhism
6. Arrange the following in temporal sequence. [DEC 2019]
I. Establishment of Psychology Department in Mysore
II. Establishment of Psychology Department in Calcutta
III. Establishment of Psychology Department in Madras
IV. Establishment of Psychology Department in Pune
V. First Indian Journal of Psychology
Choose the correct option.
(1) II, I, III, V, IV
(2) II, I, V, III, IV
(3) II, III, I, IV, V
(4) I, II, V, III, IV
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (3) | (2) | (3) | (2) | (3) | (2) | (2) | (4) | (3) | (1) |
| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| (2) | (2) | (4) | (2) | (3) | (3) | (2) | (1) | (1) | (2) |
| 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| (4) | (2) | (4) | (1) | (1) | (2) | (4) | (3) | (2) | (2) |
| 31 | |||||||||
| (3) |
1. Correct Answer is (3):- Utilitarianism explains why people act, saying we should do what leads to the best outcomes. It’s based on Intrinsic value something good on its own and all other values are important because they help achieve this good. Actions are right if they produce the greatest overall benefit or happiness.
2. Correct Answer is (2):- A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
A-II: Monism asserts that mental and physical phenomena are unified (e.g., materialism or Idealism).
B-III: Dualism (e.g., Descartes’ view) separates the physical body from the immaterial mind.
C-I: Equipotentiality suggests brain areas can compensate for damage, opposing strict localization.
D-IV: Reductionism breaks complex phenomena (e.g., behavior) into biological/physiological components.
3. Correct Answer is (3):- Archetypes (1) are universal themes across cultures, and the personal unconscious (II) is just below the ego, containing forgotten experiences. Persona (IV) represents the social mask balancing individual needs and social expectations. However, the masculine archetype in men is animus, but in women, it is animus; in men, it’s anima-so statement III is incorrect, making I, II, and IV correct.
4. Correct Answer is (2):- Let’s simplify these different schools of thought in psychology:
Psychoanalysis focuses on the unconscious mind. This school of thought, famously associated with Freud, believes our mind has conscious parts we’re aware of and a vast unconscious part where painful memories and urges are stored. These hidden unconscious processes are thought to powerfully influence our behavior and personality.
Behaviorism centers on observable stimulus-response (S-R) relationships. According to behaviorists, all actions can be explained as reactions to specific stimuli in our environment. For example, a dog salivating when it sees food perfectly illustrates this: the food is the stimulus, and salivation is the learned response.
Structuralism aimed to understand the basic elements of conscious experience. Using a method called Introspection, researchers would ask individuals to look inward and describe their subjective sensations, thoughts, and feelings to break down consciousness into its smallest components.
Transpersonal Psychology, sometimes called “spiritual psychology,” explores human potential and higher states of consciousness, with a strong focus on self-actualization. This means helping individuals achieve and realize their fullest potential, often incorporating spiritual or transcendent experiences.
5. Correct Answer is (3):- Mahayana Buddhism uniquely emphasizes the ideal of the Bodhisattva, an enlightened being who, out of profound compassion, chooses to delay their own final nirvana to help all other sentient beings achieve liberation from suffering. This core principle leads to a focus on collective freedom from suffering, rather than just individual enlightenment, making universal salvation a central tenet of its philosophy and practice.
6. Correct Answer is (2):- Here is the order of important events in Indian Psychology history:
In 1916, the Psychology Department was started at Calcutta University by Sen Gupta.
In 1924, the Psychology Department was started at Mysore University by Charles Spearman.
In 1925, the first Psychology journal in India, called the Indian Journal of Psychology, was published, with Sen Gupta as the editor.
In 1943, the Psychology Department was started at Madras University by Dr. G. D. Boaz.
In 1950, the Psychology Department was started at Pune University by Professor V. K. Kothurkar, who was an experimental psychologist.