Race-thinking was not a German invention but had deep roots in the 18th century and emerged simultaneously across Western countries in the 19th century.

Racism had been a powerful trend in public opinion globally long before the Nazis came to power.

The Nazis used racial policy as a strong propaganda tool, confident it would appeal internationally and across Europe during the 1930s.

Racism was a consistent policy of the Nazis despite other compromises, showing its importance as a political weapon.

Historically, race-thinking was one of many opinions debated within liberalism until the scramble for Africa escalated its prominence.

An ideology differs from a simple opinion by offering a comprehensive worldview or “key to history,” appealing to wide masses and guiding life experiences.

Two dominant ideologies emerged: one interpreting history as economic class struggle and the other as natural racial struggle.

Both ideologies gained mass appeal, state support, and became official national doctrines in many countries.

Even outside official doctrine, free public opinion embraced these ideologies, influencing intellectuals and the masses alike.

The power of these ideologies stems from their political appeal to experiences and desires, not from scientific or historical facts.

Ideologies are primarily political weapons, created and maintained to persuade and mobilize, with science used secondarily to justify them.

Scientists often became preachers for ideologies, promoting interpretations that supported political agendas rather than objective research.

Race-thinking penetrated many scientific fields, misleading some historians and scientists to mistake consequences of racism for its causes.

The concept of “survival of the fittest” and other scientific theories were influenced by prevailing political ideologies, not the other way around.

Racism should not be confused with exaggerated nationalism; it is a distinct phenomenon that tends to destroy the nation’s social body.

Racism has historically been more damaging to patriotism than other international ideologies, consistently denying the principle of equality and solidarity among peoples.

Racism deliberately crosses national boundaries, denying the political existence of nations defined by geography, language, or tradition.

Racism prepared and accompanied the rise of the European nation-state but ultimately became a weapon for the destruction of nations.

The First World War mixed old national conflicts and new imperialistic aims, masking the distinct dangers of racism.

The Second World War and the presence of collaborationists showed that racism could incite civil conflicts within every country, not just international wars.

Racism remains one of the most ingenious devices for preparing and provoking civil wars, transcending simple nationalist or imperialist aims.