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Book No. – 19 (Sociology)
Book Name – Social Background of Indian Nationalism (A.R. Desai)
What’s Inside the Chapter? (After Subscription)
1. Development of Modern Industries in India
2. Brief History of their Development
3. Emergence of Trusts and Monopolies
4. Dominance of Finance Capital
5. British Capital, its Stranglehold on Indian Economy
6. Reasons for the Lop-sided Growth of Indian Industries
7. Indian Monopolies, their Peculiarities
8. Prerequisites of Healthy Industrial Development
9. Bombay Plan, its Limitations
10. Social Significance of Indian Industrial Development
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Rise and Development of Modern Indian Industries
Chapter – 7
Table of Contents
Development of Modern Industries in India
- The establishment of modern machine-based industries during British rule played a significant role in the consolidation of the national economy of India.
- Despite being insufficient and lop-sided, the industrial development generated powerful social forces that advanced the growth of Indian nationalism and the nationalist movement.
- Modern industrial cities became central to social, political, and cultural life, and were key sources of progressive movements.
- The growth of industries led to the emergence of two new social groups: the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, which played crucial roles in contemporary society.
- The bourgeoisie and the proletariat are the basic classes in capitalist society.
- As capitalist economy based on competition and commodity production developed, intermediate classes like artisanswere ruined and became part of the working class.
- In the countryside, peasant proprietors lost land due to capitalist forces and many became landless labourers or agricultural proletariat.
- Intermediate social groups are unstable, while the proletariat remains a stable and growing class.
- The conflict between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie is the central conflict in capitalist society, driving its movement.
- The working class seeks socialism, a system based on social ownership of the means of production and co-operative labour instead of wage labour and private property.
- The Indian working class, while fighting for national independence, viewed it as a milestone toward their ultimate goal of socialist liberation.