1. Which event, occurring in March 1917, led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the end of the Romanov dynasty?

Options:

1. A) The February Revolution
2. B) The October Revolution
3. C) The Russo-Japanese War
4. D) The Kornilov Affair

Answer: A) The February Revolution

2. What was the main purpose of the “April Theses” presented by Lenin in 1917?

Options:

1. A) To propose a coalition government with the Provisional Government
2. B) To advocate for Russia’s continued participation in World War I
3. C) To call for the immediate overthrow of the Provisional Government and establish a Soviet state
4. D) To negotiate peace with Germany

Answer: C) To call for the immediate overthrow of the Provisional Government and establish a Soviet state

3. Which Bolshevik leader was exiled and later returned to Russia in April 1917 with the aid of the German government?

Options:

1. A) Leon Trotsky
2. B) Nikolai Bukharin
3. C) Vladimir Lenin
4. D) Joseph Stalin

Answer: C) Vladimir Lenin

4. The “Brest-Litovsk Treaty,” signed in March 1918, was a peace agreement between Soviet Russia and which country?

Options:

1. A) France
2. B) Britain
3. C) Germany
4. D) Japan

Answer: C) Germany

5. What was the primary aim of the White Army during the Russian Civil War (1917-1922)?

Options:

1. A) To support the Bolshevik regime
2. B) To overthrow the Bolshevik government and restore the monarchy
3. C) To establish an independent Ukraine
4. D) To negotiate a peace treaty with the Allies

Answer: B) To overthrow the Bolshevik government and restore the monarchy

6. The “Red Terror” was a campaign of political repression and mass killings conducted by which group?

Options:

1. A) The White Army
2. B) The Bolsheviks
3. C) The Mensheviks
4. D) The Socialist Revolutionaries

Answer: B) The Bolsheviks

7. Which Bolshevik leader served as the People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs and was instrumental in negotiating the Brest-Litovsk Treaty?

Options:

1. A) Leon Trotsky
2. B) Vladimir Lenin
3. C) Grigori Zinoviev
4. D) Maxim Litvinov

Answer: A) Leon Trotsky

8. What was the significance of the October Revolution of 1917 in Russian history?

Options:

1. A) It marked the end of the Provisional Government and the establishment of Bolshevik control
2. B) It resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Versailles
3. C) It led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II
4. D) It marked the beginning of World War I

Answer: A) It marked the end of the Provisional Government and the establishment of Bolshevik control

9. Which organization, established by the Bolsheviks in 1917, was responsible for overseeing the Soviet economy and industry?

Options:

1. A) The Soviet of Workers’ Deputies
2. B) The Cheka
3. C) The Supreme Economic Council
4. D) The Central Committee

Answer: C) The Supreme Economic Council

10. The “Kornilov Affair” of August 1917 was an attempted coup led by which military leader?

Options:

1. A) Alexander Kerensky
2. B) Lavr Kornilov
3. C) Nikolai Ruzsky
4. D) Pavel Miliukov

Answer: B) Lavr Kornilov

11. Which political faction, led by Alexander Kerensky, was in power during the period between the February and October Revolutions of 1917?

Options:

1. A) The Bolsheviks
2. B) The Mensheviks
3. C) The Socialist Revolutionaries
4. D) The Provisional Government

Answer: D) The Provisional Government

12. What was the role of the “Cheka” in the early Soviet state?

Options:

1. A) To manage economic reforms
2. B) To act as the secret police and suppress counter-revolutionary activities
3. C) To organize military defense
4. D) To negotiate international treaties

Answer: B) To act as the secret police and suppress counter-revolutionary activities

13. Which revolutionary leader and close ally of Lenin played a significant role in the organization and leadership of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War?

Options:

1. A) Joseph Stalin
2. B) Leon Trotsky
3. C) Nikolai Bukharin
4. D) Grigori Zinoviev

Answer: B) Leon Trotsky

14. The “Russian Civil War” (1917-1922) was fought between which two main factions?

Options:

1. A) The Reds and the Whites
2. B) The Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks
3. C) The Provisional Government and the Soviets
4. D) The Socialist Revolutionaries and the Anarchists

Answer: A) The Reds and the Whites

15. Which Soviet leader succeeded Lenin and was instrumental in consolidating power within the Communist Party and the Soviet state?

Options:

1. A) Leon Trotsky
2. B) Nikolai Bukharin
3. C) Joseph Stalin
4. D) Mikhail Gorbachev

Answer: C) Joseph Stalin

16. What was the main economic policy of the Bolshevik government between 1918 and 1921, which involved the nationalization of industry and forced requisition of agricultural products?

Options:

1. A) War Communism
2. B) New Economic Policy
3. C) Collectivization
4. D) State Capitalism

Answer: A) War Communism

17. Which treaty, signed in 1921, ended hostilities between Soviet Russia and Poland and established the borders of the Soviet Union?

Options:

1. A) The Treaty of Riga
2. B) The Treaty of Versailles
3. C) The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
4. D) The Treaty of Tartu

Answer: A) The Treaty of Riga

18. The “New Economic Policy” (NEP) introduced in 1921 was primarily aimed at: 

Options:

1. A) Reintroducing private enterprise and stabilizing the economy
2. B) Increasing agricultural collectivization
3. C) Expanding the Soviet military
4. D) Suppressing political dissent

Answer: A) Reintroducing private enterprise and stabilizing the economy

19. Which key Bolshevik leader was exiled in 1929 following his conflict with Joseph Stalin and later assassinated in Mexico in 1940?

Options:

1. A) Nikolai Bukharin
2. B) Grigori Zinoviev
3. C) Leon Trotsky
4. D) Kamenev

Answer: C) Leon Trotsky

20. What was the main purpose of the “Five-Year Plans” initiated by Stalin in the late 1920s?

Options:

1. A) To promote agricultural self-sufficiency
2. B) To rapidly industrialize the Soviet economy
3. C) To improve relations with Western powers
4. D) To establish a global communist revolution

Answer: B) To rapidly industrialize the Soviet economy