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SOCIOLOGY CUET PG
What’s Inside the Chapter? (After Subscription)
1. MARRIAGE
1.1. DEFINITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MARRIAGE
1.2. FUNCTIONS AND IMPORTANCE OF MARRIAGE
1.3. FORMS OF MARRIAGE
2. FAMILY
2.1. MEANING AND CHARACTERISTICS
2.2. DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE FAMILY
2.3. FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILY
2.4. THE CHANGING FAMILY PATTERNS
2.5. TYPES OR FORMS OF THE FAMILY
2.6. IS THE HINDU JOINT FAMILY DISINTEGRATING?
3. KINSHIP
3.1. KINSHIP USAGES
4. EDUCATION
4.1. MEANING OF EDUCATION
4.2. EDUCATION AS A SOCIAL PROCESS
4.3. SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION
4.4. EDUCATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE
4.5. EDUCATION-SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND SOCIAL MOBILITY
4.6. EDUCATION AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
4.7. EDUCATION AND SOCIAL MOBILITY
4.8. EQUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
4.9. EDUCATION AND MODERNISATION
5. RELIGION
5.1. DEFINITIONS AND THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF RELIGION
5.2. RELIGION AS A SYSTEM OF BELIEF AND RITUAL
5.3. THE SACRED AND THE PROFANE
5.4. THEORIES OF ORIGIN OF RELIGION
5.5. STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF RELIGION
5.6. THE RELIGIOUS ROLES
5.7. FUNCTIONS OF RELIGION
5.8. DYSFUNCTIONS OF RELIGION
5.9. MORALITY
5.10. RELIGION AND SCIENCE
5.11. RECENT TRENDS IN RELIGION
5.12 RELIGION AND MAGIC
5.13. SECULARISATION
6. ECONOMY
6.1. IMPORTANCE OF WORK AND OCCUPATION IN MODERN SOCIETY
6.2. THE CONCEPT OF OCCUPATION
6.3. SOCIAL IMPORTANCE OF WORK AND OCCUPATIONS
5.4 MECHANISATION OF WORK AND THE DECLINE OF TRADITIONAL SKILLS THE EFFECTS OF MECHANISATION AND INDUSTRIALISATION
6.5. PROPERTY
6. 6 PRIVATE PROPERTY ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
6.7. DIVISION OF LABOUR AS A SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM
6.8. SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF DIVISION OF LABOUR
6.9. WORK AND ALIENATION
6.10. CAPITALISM AND SOCIALISM AS TWO MAIN FORMS OF ECONOMY
6.11. MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON WORLD ORDER
6.12. THE JAJMANI SYSTEM AND ITS IMPORTANCE
6.13. SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
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Social Processes and Problems
SOCIOLOGY – CUET PG
UNIT – III
MARRIAGE
- Marriage is a universal social institution established to control and regulate the sex life of individuals.
- It is closely connected with the institution of family, and both are complementary to each other.
- According to Gillin and Gillin, marriage is a socially approved way of establishing a family of procreation.
- Westermarck suggests that marriage is rooted in the family, rather than the family being rooted in marriage.
- Marriage has different implications, purposes, functions, and forms in various cultures.
- Despite differences, marriage is present as an institution in every society.
DEFINITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MARRIAGE
There is no single definition that covers all types of human marriage.
Definitions of marriage
- Edward Westermarck defines marriage as a durable connection between male and female lasting beyond propagation and continuing until after the birth of offspring.
- Malinowski describes marriage as a contract for the production and maintenance of children.
- Robert H. Lowie defines marriage as a relatively permanent bond between permissible mates.
- Duncan Mitchell broadly defines marriage as a socially sanctioned sex relationship between two or more people of the opposite sex, expected to endure beyond gestation and the birth of children.
- Alfred McClung Lee states that marriage is the public joining of a man and woman as husband and wife under socially specified regulations.
Characteristics of Marriage
Universality: Marriage is a universal institution, found in both pre-literate and literate societies. It is enforced as a social rule in many societies. Examples:
- In Japan, celibacy is condemned.
- In Korea, unmarried individuals are seen as “half persons”.
- In Hinduism, marriage is regarded as a sacrament and is almost obligatory.
- Todas of Nilagiri perform funeral rites only after marriage ceremonies for a deceased girl.
- Confucius views lifelong celibacy as a grave crime.
- Levi-Strauss notes that unmarried primitives in Central Brazil live miserable lives.
- Relationship Between Man and Woman: Marriage involves a union of man and woman, with social rules about who marries whom and how many.
- Marriage Bond is Enduring: Marriage indicates a long-lasting bond beyond just sexual relations. It excludes casual or prostitution-related relationships. For example, in Hinduism, marriage is seen as a sacred bond that even death cannot break.
- Marriage Requires Social Approval: A union becomes marital only when society gives approval, transforming it into a legal contract.
- Marriage is Associated with a Civil or Religious Ceremony: Marriage gains social recognition through a ceremony, which may involve rites, rituals, and customs. In Hinduism, marriage is a sacrament involving rituals like Homa, Saptapadi, Panigrahana, and Mangalya-Dharana.
- Marriage Creates Mutual Obligations: Marriage imposes rights and duties on both husband and wife, who are required to support each other and their children.