The medieval period in Indian history was a pivotal time in the region’s social and cultural development. The arrival of Mughal kings ushered in a period of immense transformation in India. During the medieval period, major contributions were made in the fields of literature, art, and architecture, as well as cultural and religious changes, dynasties, and many rulers. The great kings’ contributions may still be seen in the monuments and architectural landscapes they built throughout this time.

Division of Society

• India back then, as it is today, was divided into Hindus and Muslims. Needless to say, Hindus made up the vast majority of the population, which included Jains, Buddhists, and Sikhs.
• The upper classes of Hindu society were mostly Brahman, Kayastha, Rajput, and Vaishya castes who did not dine or marry among themselves.
• There were many other mixed-race people in the society. The Baidyas were a mixed caste who lived alongside the Brahmanas.
• Apart from these, there were numerous other castes and sub-castes that arose as a result of social mixing, i.e., intermarriage between castes. Upper-class Hindus were extremely conservative.
• Muslims were divided into two groups: those who came with the conquerors or for trade and commerce or employment from countries such as Arabia, Persia, Afghanistan, and Abyssinia, and those who converted from the indigenous Hindu population and their descendants.