1. Which of the following best captures the epistemological distinction between truth and knowledge?
A. All true propositions are known by someone
B. Knowledge is identical with belief
C. A proposition may be true even if no one knows it
D. Truth depends upon social consensus
Answer: C

2. In epistemology, the study of the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge is known as:
A. Metaphysics
B. Logic
C. Epistemology
D. Ethics
Answer: C

3. Sense experience primarily provides knowledge of:
A. Abstract entities
B. Moral values
C. External physical objects
D. Logical relations
Answer: C

4. Mistaking a rope for a snake in dim light is an example of:
A. Hallucination
B. Conceptual error
C. Perceptual error
D. Innate illusion
Answer: C

5. According to epistemology, perceptual errors arise mainly due to:
A. Defects in sense organs
B. Faulty judgments based on incomplete data
C. Absence of rational thinking
D. Influence of language
Answer: B

6. Which of the following is an example of knowledge through internal sense?
A. Seeing a rainbow
B. Hearing thunder
C. Feeling anxious
D. Touching a hot object
Answer: C

7. Statements like “I am feeling pain now” are considered reliable because they are based on:
A. Authority
B. Inference
C. Introspection
D. Testimony
Answer: C

8. Occurrent states are best described as:
A. Permanent personality traits
B. Currently experienced mental or physical states
C. Learned dispositions
D. Socially constructed beliefs
Answer: B

9. Dispositional states refer to:
A. Immediate sensory experiences
B. Temporary emotional reactions
C. Latent tendencies or capacities
D. Illusory mental states
Answer: C

10. Deductive reasoning is characterized by:
A. Probability of conclusions
B. Certainty if premises and form are correct
C. Dependence on future experience
D. Empirical verification only
Answer: B