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Book No. – 17 (Sociology)
Book Name – Sociology (Yogesh Atal)
What’s Inside the Chapter? (After Subscription)
1. INTRODUCTION
2. FUNCTIONAL PREREQUISITES AND REQUISITES
3. HANDLING FUNCTIONAL PROBLEMS: THE AGIL MODEL
4. INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL
5. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
5.1. THE CONCEPT OF FUNCTION
5.2. MANIFEST AND LATENT FUNCTIONS
5.3. FUNCTIONS AND DYSFUNCTIONS
5.4. FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENTS OR ALTERNATIVES
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LANGUAGE
Structural-Functional Analysis
Yogesh Atal
Chapter – 8
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
- Sociology studies the social sphere, focusing on empirical systems involving interactions among individuals.
- These interactions occur between two or more individuals, between individuals and groups, or between groups themselves.
- Interactions follow patterns governed by a society’s culture, which provides values, norms, organized knowledge, beliefs, and ways of expression (linguistic and symbolic).
- Individuals in diverse settings form a collectivity with defined boundaries, creating a social system with members holding specific statuses and defined roles.
- The social system involves a system of rights and obligations inherent in any social organization.
- Social systems across societies are similar but distinct due to their unique cultures.
- A Social System:
- Made up of a plurality of interacting individuals.
- Operates in a situation with a physical or environmental aspect.
- Oriented towards the system, motivated by a tendency to optimize gratification.
- The interaction situation is mediated by a system of culturally structured and shared symbols (Parsons, 1952).
- Sociologists distinguish between the social system, personality system, and culture system.
- In a social system, the focus is on an individual as an occupant of a particular status that defines their duties and responsibilities towards others.
- Personality refers to the totality of an individual’s statuses across different social groups, including personal traits and psychological characteristics shaped through interaction.
- Culture system is independent of individuals, learned, transmitted, and shared across generations.
- Culture is both a product of human interaction and a determinant of those interactions (Parsons, 1952).