1. Kant’s discussion of substance is primarily developed in which two works?
A. Prolegomena and Groundwork
B. Critique of Judgment and Anthropology
C. Critique of Pure Reason and Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science
D. Groundwork and Metaphysical Foundations
Answer: C

2. The principle of permanence of substance in Kant underlies which scientific law?
A. Law of inertia
B. Law of gravitation
C. Law of conservation of mass
D. Law of entropy
Answer: C

3. For Kant, empirical judgments are possible only if:
A. Sensation is continuous
B. Substance is permanent
C. Experience is mathematical
D. Time is measurable
Answer: B

4. Kant’s question “What is substance?” differs from science because philosophy treats it as:
A. A measurable entity
B. A metaphysical condition of experience
C. A chemical component
D. A physical constant
Answer: B

5. Which rationalist tradition most strongly influenced Kant’s discussion of substance?
A. Empiricism
B. Skepticism
C. Rationalism
D. Positivism
Answer: C

6. Early Greek philosophy sought substance as:
A. Logical form
B. Linguistic convention
C. A unifying matter of reality
D. A mental construct
Answer: C

7. The identification of substance with elements like water or fire reflects:
A. Dualism
B. Material monism
C. Skepticism
D. Idealism
Answer: B

8. Plato considered true substance to be:
A. Matter
B. Sensible objects
C. Ideas or Forms
D. Accidents
Answer: C

9. Aristotle differed from Plato by locating substance in:
A. Separate ideas
B. Pure matter
C. Form-matter composites
D. Mathematical relations
Answer: C

10. Aristotle regarded matter without form as:
A. Actual being
B. Illusory
C. Pure potentiality
D. Eternal substance
Answer: C