The Final Overthrow of the Maratha Powers (1818-1819)

The new year began with bright prospects, as the short campaign had brought no reverses and many gains. The Pindárís were driven from the Narbadá valley, forced to seek refuge on the left bank of the Chambal, and lost support from their main allies.

Holkar was defeated, Amír Khán was disarmed, and Sindhia was too weak to assist effectively, while his Sirdars could only offer slight protection in Mewár. In the Deccan, the rebellions of the Peshwá and the Bhonsla Rájá were quickly suppressed.

The Peshwá lost his capital and became a fugitive in his own territory, while the Bhonsla ruler was reduced to merely nominal authority in Nagpur.

The forces employed by the British were larger than ever before, but the responsibilities were equally heavy. Lord Hastings, leaving nothing to chance, prepared thoroughly for every possible danger.

The Maráthá chiefs had long tried to exploit British weakness shown in 1805, and by 1817 their plans for a widespread uprising were ready. Though disorganized by nature, they attempted a concerted revolt.

The Government therefore had many enemies to confront. It would have been dangerous to attack the Pindárís without adopting extensive defensive measures and planning simultaneous operations in distant regions.

The success of troop movements, timely concentration of armies from different bases, and careful later arrangements showed the excellent planning and vigilance of Lord Hastings, who directed military operations and political negotiations alike.

Despite the large army, serious risks remained. Twice during the campaign, small British corps placed at exposed positions faced near-certain destruction from overwhelming enemy forces.

Disaster was avoided through the bravery and discipline of weak brigades at Poona and Nagpur. The skill of English officers leading Indian troops ensured victory at Kirkí and the Sítabáldí hills.

These victories could not have been predicted. British sepoys, trained in military discipline, stood firmly with their leaders, while the enemy, acting like a mob, panicked and lost morale after the first setback.