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Book No. – 002 (Sociology)
Book Name – Sociology (C.N. Shankar Rao)
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1. THE BASIC FEATURES OF SOCIETY
1.1. The Basic Features
2. SOCIETAL NEEDS
3. BIO-SOCIAL SYSTEMS
3.1. The Mammalian Vs Non-Mammalian Society
3.2. Primate Society Vs. Non-primate Mammalian Society
3.3. Human Society OR Socio-Cultural System Vs. Non-Human Society OR Bio-Social System
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The Study of Human Society
C.N. Shankar Rao
Chapter – 7
Table of Contents
- Human beings are distinct from other animals due to various factors, with culture being the primary source of their uniqueness.
- Culture adds an extra dimension to human existence, influencing all modes of thought, behaviour, and achievements.
- Culture is passed down through language from one generation to another.
- The study of human society involves the study of culture, which impacts all parts of society.
- For example, family patterns, marriage, mating, legitimacy, and authority are understood through culturalinterpretations.
- Culture provides explanations for economic, religious, legal, political, educational, and other social organisations.
- The content of culture includes diverse aspects like art, architecture, music, literature, science, technology, philosophy, and religion.
- Humanistic sciences study culture in relation to the social life of humans.
- A sociologist or social anthropologist focuses on culture’s impact on social organisation and behaviour, particularly folkways, mores, customs, values, laws, and institutions.
- Culture influences all aspects of human behaviour, including political, economic, educational, and occupationalactivities.
- Social scientists study society, not culture exclusively, and focus on how culture influences social life.
- Social sciences are dedicated to the study of mental phenomena (not physical), with physical objects being products of ideas and techniques transmitted across generations.
- Social phenomena (e.g., solidarity, exchange, production, kinship) rely on meaningful interaction, mutual awareness, and symbolic communication, driven by contact between minds.