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Book No. – 19 (Sociology)
Book Name – Social Background of Indian Nationalism (A.R. Desai)
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1. Indian Feudalism, its Basic Features
2. Introduction of Private Property in Land
3. New Land Revenue System
4. Commercialization of Agriculture
5. Breakdown of Traditional Indian Village
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LANGUAGE
Transformation of Indian Agriculture Under British Rule
Chapter – 3
Table of Contents
Indian Feudalism, its Basic Features
- Indian feudalism differs from European feudalism due to the absence of a landed feudal nobility with proprietary rights over land.
- In pre-British Indian society, whether under Hindu, Buddhist, or Muslim monarchs, the nobility had the right only to collect and appropriate land revenue from specific villages, not to own the land.
- The institution of the manor did not exist in pre-British Indian society.
- The monarch was not the owner of agricultural land in the realm; the state only had the right to a proportion of the produce.
- Land in India was considered to belong to the village community, tribe, or clan, not the king.
- Ownership of the soil never vested in anyone except the peasantry.
- The king could not create a class of landowners because he was not the proprietor of the land; only his revenue-collecting power was granted to the nobles.
- The village community was the de facto owner of the land, with the state or monarch only claiming a share of the annual produce.
- There was no individual peasant proprietorship over land, meaning no private ownership of land existed in pre-British India.
- Under the Mogul emperors, the introduction of money payments for land revenue did not affect the village possession of land, and customary rights over land remained unchanged.
- The village continued as the unit of revenue assessment under the Mogul system.