1. The problem of universals fundamentally concerns the ontological status of:
A. Mental states
B. General properties shared by particulars
C. Individual substances
D. Linguistic conventions only
Answer: B

2. When two apples are both called red, the philosophical issue raised is whether:
A. Apples exist independently
B. Redness is subjective
C. There is a single shared entity instantiated in both
D. Language distorts perception
Answer: C

3. A universal is best defined as:
A. A unique individual object
B. A mental image
C. Something that can be instantiated by many particulars
D. A mere linguistic label
Answer: C

4. The redness of an individual apple is classified as a:
A. Universal
B. Particular
C. Relation
D. Concept only
Answer: B

5. The property of being taller than is an example of a:
A. Particular
B. Substance
C. Relational universal
D. Trope
Answer: C

6. The classical formulation of the problem of universals asks primarily:
A. How language develops
B. Whether shared properties are real, mental, or linguistic
C. How perception works
D. Whether science is objective
Answer: B

7. The problem of universals directly impacts all EXCEPT:
A. Ontology
B. Epistemology
C. Ethics
D. Philosophy of language
Answer: C

8. Platonic realism holds that universals:
A. Exist only in the mind
B. Exist as abstract entities independent of space and time
C. Are linguistic conventions
D. Exist only in particulars
Answer: B

9. For Plato, particulars are related to universals by:
A. Causation
B. Abstraction
C. Participation
D. Nomination
Answer: C

10. According to Plato, Forms are:
A. Mutable and temporal
B. Imperfect copies of particulars
C. More real than sensible objects
D. Dependent on language
Answer: C