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Book No. – 8 (Modern India – History)
Book Name – British Rule in India and After (V.D. Mahajan)
What’s Inside the Chapter? (After Subscription)
1. Warren Hastings Reforms
1.1. Administrative Reforms
1.2. Revenue Reforms
1.3. Commercial Reforms
1.4. Judicial Reforms
1.5. Warren Hastings Oudh Policy
2. The Rohilla War
3. Trial of Nand Kumar
4. Case of Chet Singh
5. Begums of Oudh
6. Regulating Act and Council
7. Warren Hastings and Supreme Court
8. Foreign Policy of Warren Hastings
8.1. First Maratha War (1778-82)
8.2. First Mysore War (1767-69)
8.3. Second Mysore War (1780-4)
9. Estimate of Warren Hastings
10. Pitt’s India Act (1784)
11. Sir John Macpherson (February 1785-September 1786)
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Warren Hastings (1772-85)
Chapter – 5
- Warren Hastings joined the English East India Company as a writer at the age of 18.
- He was appointed the Resident of Kassim Bazar, where he demonstrated his abilities.
- When Kassim Bazar was captured by Siraj-ud-Daula, Hastings was captured but managed to escape.
- In 1761, he became a member of the Calcutta Council.
- He went home for a few years and returned as a member of the Madras Council.
- After the retirement of Cartier, Hastings was appointed Governor of Bengal in 1772.
- After the passing of the Regulating Act, he became the Governor of Bengal.
- When Hastings took office, he faced numerous difficulties, including chaos in the country.
- There was practically no administration, and the Company’s servants were exploiting the people.
- The Company was not benefiting, with its treasury empty, while its servants were making fortunes.
- There was no meaningful administration of justice.
- Everything required a complete overhaul.
- The Marathas were a constant threat, and the Emperor Shah Alam had left British protection to join the Marathas.
- Haidar Ali in the Deccan posed another significant threat.
- Hastings had to deal with these multiple crises and challenges during his tenure.
Warren Hastings Reforms
Administrative Reforms
- Warren Hastings implemented numerous reforms under four categories: administrative, revenue, commercial, and judicial.
- He decided to end the dual system of government in Bengal, established by Lord Clive in 1765.
- The Company was to take over the responsibility of administration in Bengal and act as Diwan to collect revenue through its own servants.
- Mohammad Raza Khan and Raja Shitab Rai, the deputy Nawabs of Bengal and Bihar, were tried for peculation and removed from their offices.
- Although they were honourably acquitted, the aim of removing them from power was achieved.
- The treasury was shifted from Murshidabad to Calcutta.
- The young Nawab of Bengal was placed under the control of Munni Begum, the widow of Mir Jafar.
- His pension was reduced from 32 lakhs to 16 lakhs.