1. Free will is most fundamentally concerned with the capacity of agents to:
a) Predict future events
b) Obey natural laws
c) Choose among alternatives
d) Act randomly
Answer: c

2. The philosophical problem of free will is most directly connected to which issue?
a) Epistemology
b) Moral responsibility
c) Aesthetics
d) Philosophy of language
Answer: b

3. Aristotle linked moral responsibility primarily to:
a) Habit
b) Desire
c) Voluntary action
d) Social norms
Answer: c

4. For Aristotle, involuntary actions are those performed:
a) With rational choice
b) Under compulsion or ignorance
c) With moral intention
d) With self-reflection
Answer: b

5. Epicurus introduced the idea of atomic “swerve” mainly to defend:
a) Determinism
b) Fatalism
c) Free will
d) Skepticism
Answer: c

6. The Epicurean concept of clinamen primarily breaks:
a) Moral law
b) Divine command
c) Causal necessity
d) Logical consistency
Answer: c

7. Stoic philosophers defended freedom by emphasizing:
a) Randomness
b) Inner assent
c) Rebellion against fate
d) Absence of causation
Answer: b

8. Chrysippus is best classified as a:
a) Libertarian
b) Hard determinist
c) Compatibilist
d) Skeptic
Answer: c

9. Augustine considered free will necessary primarily to explain:
a) Natural law
b) Political authority
c) Sin and moral guilt
d) Scientific causation
Answer: c

10. According to Augustine, humans need divine grace because:
a) Free will does not exist
b) Reason is unreliable
c) Free will alone cannot ensure goodness
d) Morality is socially constructed
Answer: c