- Governance
- Characteristics of Governance
- Stakeholders of Governance
- Good Governance
- Strategies for Good Governance
- Governance in India
- Evolution of Governance in India
- Dimensions of Governance in India
- Governance Issues in India
- Impact of Coalition Governments on Governance in India
- Good Governance Initiatives in India
- World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI)
- Tools to implement Good Governance
- People’s Participation
- Forms of People’s Participation
- Benefits of People’s Participation
- Challenges to People’s Participation
- Seven Sins of People’s Participation
- Sevottam Model
- Citizen Charter
- Model Panchayat Citizens Charter Framework
- Challenges in Implementing Citizen Charters
- Issues Related to Citizens
- Strengthening Citizen Charters
- Social Accountability
- Social Audit
- E-Governance
- Recent Developments in India Regarding E-Governance
- Challenges in the Implementation of E-Governance in India
- Recommendations of the 2nd Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) on E-Governance
Governance
Governance refers to the way rules, decisions, and actions are made and implemented in an organisation or a country to manage and control its affairs effectively. A key distinction between government and governance lies in the involvement of institutions beyond the state in managing public affairs. While the state wields power and acts as the principal actor in government, governance involves the entire society in managing public affairs.
Characteristics of Governance
Context-Specific
Governance varies depending on conditions and needs, making it context-specific. Its form can differ in various domains:
Polity: Good governance, local governance, ethical governance, e-governance.
Economic sphere: Corporate governance.
Global level: International governance.
Value-Neutral
Governance itself does not carry moral value; it is a tool for management. Its effects can be positive or negative depending on its application:
Positive: Effective governance improves people's quality of life.
Negative: Poor governance can harm people or exacerbate problems.
In simple terms, governance is a tool, and its outcomes depend on how it is utilized.
Stakeholders of Governance
At the national level, stakeholders are generally categorized into three broad groups:
The State
Legislature
Judiciary
Political Executive
Bureaucracy / Civil Servants
The Market
Private sector
Civil Society
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
Voluntary Organizations (VOs)
Media organizations/associations
Trade unions, religious groups, pressure groups