- Scientific Management Theory
- Introduction
- F.W. Taylor: A Biographical Sketch
- Principles of Scientific Management
- Characteristics of Scientific Management
- Taylor: An Appraisal
- Rational Choice Theory
- Historical Origins and Intellectual Roots
- Core Assumptions of Rational Choice Theory
- Rational Choice Theory and Bureaucratic Behavior
- Rational Choice and Policy-Making
- Public Choice Theory and Democratic Governance
- Rational Choice in New Public Management (NPM)
- Criticisms and Limitations of Rational Choice Theory
- Contemporary Applications and Research Trends
- Conclusion
- New Public Administration
- Introduction
- Phases of Public Administration
- Concept of New Public Administration
- Themes of New Public Administration
- Features of New Public Administration
Scientific Management Theory
Introduction
The theory of Scientific Management emerged in the 20th century under the leadership of Fredrick Winslow Taylor.
This theory is often described as a movement that influenced the administration and management of organisations during that time.
Scientific Management analyzes and synthesizes workflows in an organisation.
Although Taylor is credited with propounding the theory, other figures like Charles Babbage, Henry R. Towne, Fredrick Halsey, and Henry Metcalfe also extensively used its methods and techniques.
The term Scientific Management was coined by Louis Brandies in 1910 and used by Taylor to introduce scientific techniques aimed at making the working of an organisation efficient.
Scientific Management is also known as "Taylorism".
The theory had a significant impact on both industrial and government organisations, influencing administrative thought and practice.
Taylor's contributions to the Scientific Theory of Management are contained in the following books: 'A Piece Rate System', 'Shop Management', 'Art of Cutting Metals', and 'Principles of Scientific Management'.
F.W. Taylor: A Biographical Sketch
Frederick Winslow Taylor was born in German Town, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1856.
His first job as an apprentice was at Hydraulic Works, Philadelphia.
Later, he worked at Midvale Steel Company in various capacities, including labourer, gang boss, research director, and chief engineer.
The birth of Taylor's Scientific Theory of Management can be traced to Midvale Steel Company, where he began working at the age of 22 in 1877.
Taylor observed that workers consistently failed to give the required output and saw the need for scientific methods to ensure the required output.
In 1884, Taylor received his degree in Mechanical Engineering.
In 1890, Taylor worked as General Manager of Manufacturing Investment Company in Philadelphia.
Taylor also served as a Professor at The Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College.
Papers published by Taylor include:
Piece Rate System, 1895
Shop Management, 1903
Art of Cutting Metals, 1906
Principles of Scientific Management, 1911.